Photoperiodic Control of Carbon Distribution during the Floral Transition in<i>Arabidopsis</i>

Ortiz-Marchena, M. Isabel; Albi, T.; Lucas-Reina, Eva; Said, Fatima E.; Romero–Campero, Francisco J.; Cano, Beatriz; Ruíz, M. Teresa; Romero, Javier; Valverde, Federico

doi:10.1105/tpc.114.122721

Cited by 79 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Transcript levels fall and GBSS synthesis is very strongly reduced in the latter part of the day. As the granule is degraded at night, GBSS is released and appears to be immediately degraded Ortiz-Marchena et al, 2014;Seung et al, 2015). These observations raise the possibility that the granule surface is increasingly susceptible to degradation as the day proceeds because its amylose:amylopectin ratio changes.…”

Section: Starch Turnover In Long Days and In Twilight May Reflect An mentioning

confidence: 80%

Leaf Starch Turnover Occurs in Long Days and in Falling Light at the End of the Day

et al. 2017

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Section: Starch Turnover In Long Days and In Twilight May Reflect An mentioning

confidence: 80%

Leaf Starch Turnover Occurs in Long Days and in Falling Light at the End of the Day

et al. 2017

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“…Waxy genes were identified in many species, including maize (Shure et al 1983), rice (Wang et al 1995), cassava (Ceballos et al 2007), wheat (Nakamura et al 1995, Hung et al 2007), potato (Hovenkamp-Hermelink et al 1987, and Arabidopsis (Ovecka et al 2012, Ortiz-Marchena et al 2014. Several properties distinguish GBSS from other starch synthase isoforms.…”

Section: Elimination Of the Gbss Activity: Molecular Genetic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of waxy starch - a review

Šárka¹,

Dvořāček²

2017

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Starch is the main component of digestible carbohydrates; it consists of amylose and amylopectin. The so-called waxy starch consists almost exclusively of branched chains typical for amylopectin. A macromolecule of amylopectin composed of α-(1 → 4)-d-glucopyranose chains connected with α-(1 → 6)-linkages is arranged in a clustered structure forming crystalline regions of the starch.The internal organisation of the chains within the building blocks of starch granules is unique to each plant and manifests the shape and size of the granules. E.g. Zhou et al. (2014) found that waxy wheat starch has a more spherical disc-like morphology compared to regular wheat starch, a smaller proportion of (smaller) B-type granules, and a higher degree of crystallinity (Zhang et al. 2013).Regular native starches form a solid gel after gelatinization. The follow-up retrogradation is a crystallization process typical for the reassociation of solubilized starch polymers. Amylose retrogrades in these gels within a day of ageing. Waxy starch (without amylose) is therefore applied in food technologies (e.g. confectionary or bakery) where it minimises retrogradation. On the other hand, amylopectin forms very weak gels that break down on shear (Murray and Phisarnchananan 2014).Starch can be debranched at 1, 6 linkages by debranching enzymes (e.g. isoamylase and pullulanase) under specific conditions. For waxy starches, only short linear chains are released in this process, and therefore these chains have a relatively narrower molecular weight (MW) distribution which is important for the preparation of nanoparticles. They may be used as fillers and reinforcing agents in polymer composites or carriers for drug delivery, barrier coating materials and stabilisers in Starch comprises nearly linear amylose and branched amylopectin, whilst waxy starches are a special form, containing almost exclusively amylopectin. Modern techniques in plant breeding together with new data from starch biosynthesis research have enabled new food and non-food uses of waxy starches. This paper describes the basic ways of glucose conversion to waxy starch in plants. The recent evidence of ADP-Glc accumulation in cytosol of photosynthetically competent cells proposes a more complex pathway of starch biosynthesis based on a tight interconnection of sucrose and starch metabolic pathways. Also many studies indicate the existence of different pathways for the sucrose-starch conversion process in heterotrophic organs of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. At least six classes of starch synthases (SS) have been recognised in plants including soluble SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5, and granule bound SS (GBSS), required for the synthesis of short and long chains of amylopectin, till now. As to amylose (not-present in waxy starches), GBSS is the only starch synthase isoform encoded by the waxy genes situated at independent loci. Biosynthesis of waxy starch -a review

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“…For instance, the photoperiod and vernalization pathways can also impact germination traits (Chiang et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2014), inflorescence architecture (Krieger et al, 2010), leaf size and shape (Cartolano et al, 2015;Digel et al, 2016), and carbohydrate metabolism at flowering (Ortiz-Marchena et al, 2014). Such pleiotropic effects may mediate tradeoffs that mitigate the selective benefit on seasonal phenology.…”

Section: Genetic Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Responses to Changing Seasons: Natural Variation in the Plasticity of Flowering Time

Blackman

2016

Plant Physiol.

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For plants that live in seasonally changing environments, timing is everything. Matching developmental transitions with the best times of year for growth and reproduction is necessary to maintain high fitness. Consequently, plants employ many mechanisms to sense and integrate multiple predictive seasonal cues to regulate their major developmental shifts. As the annual timing with which the growing season starts and ends changes across the landscape, natural selection has led to the evolution of the mechanisms that regulate the developmental plasticity of flowering among populations or varieties of species and crop plants that inhabit broad geographic ranges. There has been significant recent progress in describing the diversity of this variation in flowering time plasticity and in identifying the specific genetic changes responsible. Such work is an essential step toward understanding the processes that have shaped current and past adaptation, managing genetic diversity and improving crops in the face of climate change, and forecasting how populations may respond plastically and evolutionarily to future environmental challenges. In this Update, I review the findings of recent studies of natural variation in the plasticity of flowering to photoperiod, vernalization, and ambient temperature, and the implications and open questions raised by this work are considered.A fundamental adaptation of plants inhabiting seasonal environments is their ability to match the annual timing of major life history transitions to the local growing season. Most species achieve this synchrony through developmental plasticity. In other words, individuals sense how environmental cues like daylength and temperature change from winter to spring to summer to fall. The information gleaned from these cycles is then integrated molecularly so that germination, flowering, and other key transitions occur during periods favorable for growth, reproduction, and seed set. However, as the climate changes over the 21st century and the relative timing of annual cycles in temperature and precipitation shifts, once adaptive responses will no longer effectively predict the best calendar dates to initiate these essential developmental events (Nicotra et al., 2010;Wilczek et al., 2010). Because natural populations and cultivated landraces of many taxa have evolved to thrive in geographically diverse habitats and climates as their ranges have expanded, they harbor natural variants that may prove instructive in breeding crops and conserving native plant diversity in the face of future environmental challenges. Thus, a critical objective in plant biology is

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Photoperiodic Control of Carbon Distribution during the Floral Transition inArabidopsis

Cited by 79 publications

References 92 publications

Leaf Starch Turnover Occurs in Long Days and in Falling Light at the End of the Day

Leaf Starch Turnover Occurs in Long Days and in Falling Light at the End of the Day

Biosynthesis of waxy starch - a review

Changing Responses to Changing Seasons: Natural Variation in the Plasticity of Flowering Time

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