Photopolymer-Based Diffractive and MMI Waveguide Couplers

Fabrication and comprehensive study of silicon oxynitride based compact directional coupler and multimode interference coupler

“…Using SEIM, the optical waveguide based designed conventional DC and conventional MMI coupler are fabricated with the help of available standard Silicon Oxynitride (SiON) technology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] by means of standard Photolithography [1] and Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) [1] technique. At the outset, using PECVD method [1] a layer of Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) for lower cladding of 3 μm thickness and then SiON core layer of thickness ~2.0 μm has been deposited on a RCA cleaned <100> silicon wafer.…”

“…Extensive studies have been made for the fabrication and implementation of such integrated optic (IO) devices using a variety of materials such as Lithium Niobate [1]- [2], polymers [1] [3], III-V semiconductors [4]- [5] and silicon based materials [1]- [6]. Out of these materials Silicon based materials have the potential to allow strong confinement of light with moderately low propagation losses, high index contrast, low material cost and its compatibility with well known conventional silicon based IC technology.…”

“…This optical property permits to develop low loss waveguides for long range application such as optical networks, optical communications, optical waveguide based sensor and integrated quantum optical circuits etc. The basic component of integrated optical devices (WDM, optical matrix switches, add/drop multiplexer, mode converter, filters) are directional coupler (DC) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], two-mode interference (TMI) coupler [6][7][8][9][10] and multimode interference (MMI) coupler [10][11] etc.…”

“…Fig-1 shows the three dimensional (3D) schematic view of a 2x2 conventional directional coupler (DC) consisting of two single mode waveguides of core width a and thickness b, separated by a small gap (h). If P 1 is the power of input light launch into the upper input access waveguide, P 3 …”

Light- and Neutron-Optical Properties of Holographic Transmission Gratings from Polymer-Ionic Liquid Composites with Submicron Grating Spacing

“…Holographic materials and corresponding gratings with spacings in the micro- to sub-micrometer range are used as standard light diffractive optical elements [1,2], and they are also the subject of research concerning, e.g., holographic data storage [3] and waveguide couplers [4]. A variety of photosensitive materials has already been considered as the foundation for gratings applicable to light optics.…”