Photoreceptor cells in the Xenopus retina

Röhlich, P.; Szél, Ágoston

doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000901)50:5<327::aid-jemt2>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In Amphibia, two types of rods and three types of color-specific cones have been described, the latter assumed to represent red-, blue-, and UV-sensitive cones (Xenopus: Röhlich et al 1989a;Röhlich and Szél 2000;Witkovsky 2000;Zhang et al 1994;tiger salamander: Sherry et al 1998). Are all these photoreceptor classes present in the blind cave salamander?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical demonstration of visual pigments in the degenerate retinal and pineal photoreceptors of the blind cave salamander ( Proteus anguinus )

Kos

Bulog

Szél

et al. 2001

Cell and Tissue Research

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Visual pigments in the regressed eye and pineal of the depigmented neotenic urodele, the blind cave salamander (Proteus anguinus anguinus), were studied by immunocytochemistry with anti-opsin antibodies. The study included light- and electron-microscopic investigations of both the eye and the pineal organ. A comparison was made with the black pigmented subspecies Proteus anguinus parkelj (black proteus), which has a normal eye structure. In the retina of the black proteus, we found principal rods, red-sensitive cones and a third photoreceptor type, which might represent a blue- or UV-sensitive cone. Photoreceptors in the regressed eye of the blind cave salamanders from the Planina cave contained degenerate outer segments, consisting of a few whorled discs and irregular clumps of membranes. The great majority of these outer segments showed immunolabelling for the red-sensitive cone opsin and only a few of them were found to be positive for rhodopsin. An even more pronounced degeneration was observed in the photoreceptors of the animals derived from the Otovec doline, which are completely devoid of an outer segment, most of them not even possessing an inner segment. Even in some of these highly degenerate cells, the presence of rhodopsin could be detected in the plasma membrane; however, immunoreactions with antibodies recognizing cone visual pigment were negative. In the pineals of all studied animals, the degenerate photoreceptor outer segments were recognized exclusively by the antibody against the red-sensitive cone opsin. The presence of immunopositive visual pigments indicates the possibility of a retained light sensitivity in the blind cave salamander photoreceptors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical demonstration of visual pigments in the degenerate retinal and pineal photoreceptors of the blind cave salamander ( Proteus anguinus )

Kos

Bulog

Szél

et al. 2001

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…This finding was unexpected because UV-transparency of the eye lenses is commonly found in nocturnal species among terrestrial vertebrates (Jacobs 1992). At least histological and molecular studies on the frog retina suggest the existence of a third, small single-cone population that is most sensitive to ultraviolet light and express a SWS1 pigment (Hisatomi et al 1998;Röhlich and Szél 2000). However, in general, UV-vision needs not to be mediated by a specialized UV-sensitive cone or rod since it can also be provided by the beta absorption of any other photoreceptor present (Jacobs 1992;Winter et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a LWS pigment type with a maximum at about 565 nm is expressed in the long-wavelength cones which appear as a single and a double-cone variant (Denton and Wyllie 1955;Govardovskii and Zueva 1974;Witkovsky et al 1981;Hisatomi et al 1998;Govardovskii et al 2000;Röhlich and Szél 2000;Takahashi et al 2001;Siddiqi et al 2004;Bowmaker 2008). There are a few studies providing hints for the presence of a SWS1 pigment type with an unknown absorption maximum in an UV-sensitive cone population (Hisatomi et al 1998;Röhlich and Szél 2000). In addition, there is a discussion on the presence of a middle-wavelength cone population in the frog retina with an absorption maximum close to 500 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values are plotted in the small diagram at the top against the respective used log relative light intensities. By linear fit of the data points, the threshold-light intensity corresponding to the 10 μV criterion is determined at −0.98 relative log units as indicated by dashed lines ▸ middle-wavelength cone in the frog retina and that the RH2 pigment type has been lost in the anuran evolution (Röhlich and Szél 2000;Bowmaker 2008). The shape of the scotopic curve of A. callidryas points to an expression of A1 pigments (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The scotopic and photopic visual sensitivity in the nocturnal tree frog Agalychnis callidryas

2015

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The red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) is endemic to the rainforests of Central America. During the night, it hunts for insects in the treetops whereas at daytime, the frogs rest under leaves. In the present study we determined the relative visual sensitivity spectrum of this nocturnal frog species by ERG recordings in both the dark- and light-adapted state. In both the scotopic- and photopic-sensitivity curve, we found only minor individual variations among the tested individuals. The sensitivity maximum of the scotopic curve was determined at 500 nm, which matches the absorption properties of the RH1-visual pigment expressed in the red rods of frogs. The sensitivity maximum of the photopic curve was found at 545 nm which is close to the absorption maximum of the LWS pigment type expressed in most cones of the frog retina. The threshold curves determined by ERG recordings here reveal no unusual features in the sensitivity spectrum of the red-eyed tree frog that could be interpreted as adaptations for its strictly nocturnal life style.

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“…During recordings, 2 mM CoCl 2 was used to substitute 2 mM CaCl 2 to block synaptic transmission. Cones were identified morphologically by Lucifer yellow staining and these cells are characterized by a large oil droplet bulging out of the apical region of the inner segment [18]. Lucifer yellow-filled cones were visualized using a mercury light source and a fluorescein isothiocyanate filter set, and the pictures were taken by a cool CCD (Photometrics, CoolSNAP ES, USA).…”

Section: Retinal Slice Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional expression of the glycine transporter 1 on bullfrog retinal cones

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2008

NeuroReport

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Using patch clamp techniques, we characterized glycine-induced currents from cones in bullfrog retinal slices. Application of glycine to cone terminals induced an inward current, which was in part suppressed by strychnine. The remaining strychnine-resistant current component, which did not show polarity reversion in a range of -120 mV to +40 mV, was blocked by N[3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy)propyl] sarcosine, an antagonist of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1), but not affected by amoxapine, an inhibitor of glycine transporter 2. Application of sarcosine, an agonist of GlyT1, to cone terminals induced an inward current that was completely suppressed by N[3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy)propyl] sarcosine or when external Na in Ringer's was replaced by choline. All these results show for the first time the functional expression of GlyT1 on bullfrog cones.

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Photoreceptor cells in the Xenopus retina

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Immunocytochemical demonstration of visual pigments in the degenerate retinal and pineal photoreceptors of the blind cave salamander ( Proteus anguinus )

Immunocytochemical demonstration of visual pigments in the degenerate retinal and pineal photoreceptors of the blind cave salamander ( Proteus anguinus )

The scotopic and photopic visual sensitivity in the nocturnal tree frog Agalychnis callidryas

Functional expression of the glycine transporter 1 on bullfrog retinal cones

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