Photosensitizers and Photoinitiators

Ravve, A.

doi:10.1007/0-387-36414-5_2

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 146 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The initiation step of radical polymerization requires energy input, and in the case of initiation with heat or light, an initiator molecule . When energy is absorbed by these initiators ( I ), they decompose into predictable primary radical structures ( R • ). In fact, the radical structures are so predictable that new initiators can be designed for specific applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The influence of monomer chemistry on radical formation and secondary reactions during electron‐beam polymerization

Thiher

Schissel²,

Jessop

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The vast majority of industrial electron‐beam (EB) polymerizations are initiated via radical mechanism. Because radicals drive EB polymerization, understanding their formation and secondary reactions can provide insight into polymerization kinetics and property development. Primary and initiating radicals were quantified by measuring G(R•) and G(M•), respectively, for various acrylate and methacrylate monomers. Monomer chemistry was shown to impact primary radical formation; however, increased primary radical concentration did not necessarily correlate to increased conversion. Despite exhibiting high values of G(R•), methacrylates achieved very little conversion and had G(M•) values near zero. Acrylates achieved much higher G(M•) values and rates of polymerization compared to their methacrylate counterparts. Additionally, the efficiency of primary radicals converting to initiating radicals, f(M•), for each acrylate monomer was shown to be a good predictor of the amount of gel fraction formed during polymerization. Understanding radical formation and secondary radical reactions can help guide the structure/processing conditions/properties relationships that are currently underdeveloped for EB reactions.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] When energy is absorbed by these initiators (I), they decompose into predictable primary radical structures (R • ). [10,11] In fact, the radical structures are so predictable that new initiators can be designed for specific applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of monomer chemistry on radical formation and secondary reactions during electron‐beam polymerization

Thiher

Schissel²,

Jessop

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The History, Developments and Opportunities of Stereolithography

Martinez

Basit

Gaisford

2018

AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Red Emitting Monoazo Disperse Dyes with Phenyl(1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl) Methanone as Inbuilt Photostabilizing Unit: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Dyeing and DFT Studies

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthesis of three novel phenyl(1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl)methanone based fluorescent monoazo disperse dyes and their characterization by spectroscopic methods (H NMR, C NMR, IR and MS) are presented. Insertion of phenyl(1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl)methanone moiety bring about induced fluorescence properties and enhanced photostability as compared to the previously reported analogues (CI Solvent Yellow 14, 4-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-1-diazobenzene and 7-(diethylamino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one). Synthesized phenyl(1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl)methanone based dyes exhibited red-shifted absorption maxima (497-516 nm), high molar extinction coefficients and are emitting in the far-red region (565-627 nm). Moreover, naphthalene-comprising dyes showed negative solvatochromism while N,N-diethylamine comprising dyes showed positive solvatochromism and are in good agreement with solvent polarity graphs and the computed energy levels of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. Synthesised dyes have better photostability (light fastness) and sublimation fastness on dyed polyester and nylon compared to reported analogues. DFT calculated energies, electrophilicity index and Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO's) enabled to evaluate the stabilities of azo and hydrazone forms of the dyes.

show abstract

Photosensitizers and Photoinitiators

Cited by 10 publications

References 146 publications

The influence of monomer chemistry on radical formation and secondary reactions during electron‐beam polymerization

The influence of monomer chemistry on radical formation and secondary reactions during electron‐beam polymerization

The History, Developments and Opportunities of Stereolithography

Red Emitting Monoazo Disperse Dyes with Phenyl(1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl) Methanone as Inbuilt Photostabilizing Unit: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Dyeing and DFT Studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About