Photosensor-Based Latency Measurement System for Head-Mounted Displays

Abstract

In this paper, a photosensor-based latency measurement system for head-mounted displays (HMDs) is proposed. The motion-to-photon latency is the greatest reason for motion sickness and dizziness felt by users when wearing an HMD system. Therefore, a measurement system is required to accurately measure and analyze the latency to reduce these problems. The existing measurement system does not consider the actual physical movement in humans, and its accuracy is also very low. However, the proposed system considers the physical head movement and is highly accurate. Specifically, it consists of a head position model-based rotary platform, pixel luminance change detector, and signal analysis and calculation modules. Using these modules, the proposed system can exactly measure the latency, which is the time difference between the physical movement for a user and the luminance change of an output image. In the experiment using a commercial HMD, the latency was measured to be up to 47.05 ms. In addition, the measured latency increased up to 381.17 ms when increasing the rendering workload in the HMD.

Multi-Robot Interfaces and Operator Situational Awareness: Study of the Impact of Immersion and Prediction

“…This system is commonly referred as Lighthouse tracking (where the base stations are the lighthouses), and offers a sub-millimeter precision and a system latency of 22 ms [ 48 ]. This last feature is remarkable, as latency is one of the primary factors that cause motion sickness and dizziness when wearing an HMD system [ 49 ]. Additional sensors include gyroscopes, accelerometers and a front-facing camera that can be used avoid obstacles within the play area.…”

Time Sequential Motion-to-Photon Latency Measurement System for Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays

“…The authors used the rotary platform proposed in [9] to model the physical rotation of the user's neck. Specifically, in order to simulate a human neck, a two-degree-of-freedom rotary platform was proposed, built with joints and links based on head kinematics.…”

“…The method of [8] proposes the measurement system and a technique to reduce the latency for the optical see-through display. The authors had previously proposed a new measurement system by using multiple sensors such as an optical sensor and encoders and by comparing the physical signal to the luminance signal from a VR scene reflected on the display [9]. Figure 2 shows the overall architecture of this measurement system.…”

“…In this paper, the authors propose a novel time sequential measurement system for the motion-to-photon latency by comparing the physical motion and the motion reflected on the image by 3D rendering. Therefore, it is possible to measure and record the time sequential latency more precisely in real-time, while reflecting the change in workload over time, unlike the conventional method mentioned in [9]. Specifically, the proposed method renders the rotation data with the intensity levels of pixels on the measurement area, which is specially invented for the HMD system, and it can obtain the motion-to-photon latency data in all temporal ranges.…”

72‐4: Head Movement‐based Motion Blur Measurement System for Head Mounted Displays

“…In the simulation, the display frame rate is adjusted so that the MPRT can be measured according to the change of the frame rate. In the proposed system, we simulate the head movement using a head position model-based rotary platform for the motion-to-photon latency [5] and we use the MPRT metric to measure motion blur on HMDs.…”