Photosynthetic acclimation to high light conditions in mature leaves of Coffea arabica L.: role of xanthophylls, quenching mechanisms and nitrogen nutrition

Ramalho, José C.; Pons, Thijs L.; Groeneveld, Henri W.; Azinheira, H. G.; Nunes, M. A.

doi:10.1071/tt99013

Cited by 28 publications

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“…In addition, it has been suggested that when photosynthesis is light-limited, the increased nitrate assimilation in roots may allow greater control over the use of limited energy between nitrogen and carbon assimilation (Smirnoff and Stewart, 1985). In fact, nitrate reduction in roots was highest when plants were grown below the photosynthetic light saturation for coffee leaves, which range from 300 µmol m -2 s -1 for shade-adapted plants to 600 µmol m -2 s -1 for sun-adapted plants (Kumar and Tieszen, 1980;Fahl et al, 1994;Ramalho et al, 2000). Under intense shading carbon and leaf nitrogen assimilation were limited in a similar way (Figure 7), in relation to plants growing under moderate irradiance (720 µmol m -2 s -1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coffee cultivation in agroforestry systems is a common practice in Latin America, but in Brazil the cultivation under full sunlight is the prevailing system. This latter agricultural system has been highly successful due to the high acclimation capacity of coffee plants to different irradiance regimes, involving changes in physiological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics (Voltan et al, 1992;Fahl et al, 1994;Ramalho et al, 1997Ramalho et al, , 1999Ramalho et al, , 2000. Several reports have indicated that high nitrogen availability is a decisive factor in the protection against photosynthesis photoinhibition, when coffee plants are exposed to high irradiances (Nunes et al, 1993;Fahl et al, 1994;Ramalho et al, 1999Ramalho et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partitioning of nitrate reductase activity in Coffea arabica L. and its relation to carbon assimilation under different irradiance regimes

Carelli

Fahl

2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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The distribution of in vivo nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA) between leaves and roots was studied in young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) grown in pots with watered sand in a glasshouse and irrigated with nutrient solution. The influence of irradiance regimes on the partitioning of NRA, and its relation with CO 2 assimilation, was also evaluated in plants grown under approximately 20, 50 and 100% of full sunlight. Time-course of nitrate accumulation in nitrogenstarved plants showed a similar pattern in leaves and roots after supplying 15 mmol L -1 nitrate, indicating efficient ability of the roots to export nitrate to the shoot. At the same time, NRA was rapidly induced in both tissues. In shoots, NRA partitioning was synchronized among the various leaf pairs. The initial increase in NRA, as each leaf pair emerged, coincided with the optimum NRA values of the next older leaf pair. However, the average shoot NRA remained relatively constant for each sampling date. During the first 23 weeks of vegetative growth, the mean NRA was 32% higher in leaves than in roots. The irradiance regimes influenced the partitioning of NRA between leaves and roots. The NRA leaf /root ratio was 0.72, 1.21 and 1.05, respectively, for plants grown under 20%, 50% and 100% of full sunlight. Leaf NRA was positively correlated with CO 2 assimilation, in response to irradiance regimes. Under favorable CO 2 assimilation conditions, higher NRA was observed in leaves than in roots, and the contrary trend occurred under limiting CO 2 assimilation conditions. Under moderate irradiance regime the leaves were the main site of nitrate reduction, contributing with 70% of the whole plant nitrate assimilation. Key words: coffee, growth, leaf/root ratio, nitrate assimilation, photosynthesis, shading Partição da atividade da redutase de nitrato em Coffea arabica L. e sua relação com a assimilação do carbono em diferentes níveis de irradiância: Estudou-se a distribuição da atividade da redutase de nitrato (ARN) in vivo entre folhas e raízes de plantas jovens de café (Coffea arabica L.) cultivadas em vasos contendo areia lavada, em casa de vegetação, e irrigadas com solução nutritiva. Também foi avaliada a influência de regimes de irradiância na partição da ARN e na assimilação do CO 2 , em plantas cultivadas aproximadamente sob 20, 50 e 100% da luz solar. Após o fornecimento de 15 mmol L -1 nitrato, para plantas deficientes em nitrogênio, o acúmulo de nitrato nas folhas e raízes apresentou padrão semelhante, indicando capacidade eficiente das raízes em exportar nitrato para a parte aérea. Ao mesmo tempo, ARN foi rapidamente induzida nos dois tecidos. Na parte aérea, houve um sincronismo na partição da ARN entre os diversos pares de folhas. O aumento da ARN, quando cada par de folhas emerge, coincidiu com as maiores ARN no par de folhas imediatamente mais velho. Contudo, a média da ARN na parte aérea permaneceu relativamente constante, para cada data de amostragem. Durante as primeiras 25 semanas de crescimento vegetativo, a ARN média foi ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of nitrate reductase activity in Coffea arabica L. and its relation to carbon assimilation under different irradiance regimes

Carelli

Fahl

2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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“…In fact, nitrogen fertilization, applied in a broad range of doses, has positive effects on growth and may improve plant performance in conditions such as marginal temperature (Lawlor et al, 1987), high light (Osmond, 1987;Ferrar and Osmond, 1986;Algarra and Rudiger, 1993) and shortage of water (Shimshi 1970, Bennett et al, 1986. Under stress conditions, higher N availability was observed to trigger photoprotective mechanisms in C. arabica (Fahl et al, 1994;Ramalho et al, 1998Ramalho et al, , 1999Ramalho et al, , 2000 and to promote osmotic adjustment and an increase in the long term water use efficiency due to improved carbon assimilation in C. canephora (Da Matta et al, 2002).…”

Section: Photoprotective Role Of Nitrogen Under Photoinhibitory Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CARELLI et al allow greater control over the use of limited energy between nitrogen and carbon assimilation (Smirnoff and Stewart, 1985). In fact, Carelli and Fahl (2005) showed that nitrate reduction in roots was highest when plants were grown below the photosynthetic light saturation for coffee leaves, which range from 300 μmol m -2 .s -1 for shade-adapted plants to 600 μmol m -2 .s -1 for sun-adapted plants (Kumar and Tieszen, 1980;Fahl et al, 1994;Ramalho et al 2000). On the other hand, leaf NRA was positively correlated with carbon assimilation (r = 0.78, P< 0.01) in response to irradiance regimes.…”

Section: Partitioning Of Nra Between Leaves and Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in coffee plants

Carelli

Fahl

Ramalho

2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Coffee plants are highly N-demanding plants. Despite the importance of N nutrition for the development, acclimation and yield of coffee plants, there are few reports concerning N metabolism in this species. In this review, our intention is to summarize the information available in the literature and to point out the influence of environmental conditions on N assimilation, as well as comment and discuss some apparently contradictory results and raise and enlighten queries about N assimilation in coffee plants. Key words: Coffea, irradiance level, nitrate reductase, nitrogen fertilization, oxidative stress, photoinhbition, photoprotection, photosynthesis.Aspectos do metabolismo de nitrogênio em plantas de café: Plantas de cafédemandam grandes quantidades de N. Apesar da importância da nutrição nitrogenada para o desenvolvimento, aclimatação e produtividade de plantas de café, são poucos os trabalhos sobre o metabolismo de N nesta espécie. A intensão desta revisão é sumarizar a informação disponível na literatura e discutir a influência das condições ambientais na assimilação de N, assim como comentar e discutir alguns resultados aparentemente contraditórios e levantar e destacar perguntas sobre a assimilação de N em plantas de café. Palavras-chave: Coffea, estresse oxidativo, fertilização nitrogenada, fotoinibição, fotoproteção, fotossíntese, nível de irradiância, redutase do nitrato.Abbreviations -A, net photosynthetic rate; A max , photosynthetic capacity at CO 2 and light saturating conditions; C16:0, palmitic acid; C18:3, linolenic acid; 3 Car triplet state of β-carotene; chl, chlorophyll; 1 chl, singlet state of chl; 3 chl*, triplet state of chl; cyt, cytochrome; DEPS, de-epoxidation state; F o , minimal fluorescence of antennae in dark-adapted leaves; F v /F m and F v´/ F m´, photochemical efficiency of PSII in dark-adapted leaves and under photosynthetic steadystate conditions, respectively; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; LHC, light harvesting complexes associated with photosystems; J max , electron transport capacity; NR, nitrate reductase; NRA, nitrate reductase activity; O 2•-, superoxide anion radical; 1 O 2 , singlet state of oxygen; OEC, oxygen-evolving complex from PSII; • OH, hydroxyl radical; P 680 , PSII reaction centre; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; PSI and II, photosystem I and II, respectively; Q A , quinone A; q E , "high-energy" quenching; q NP , non-photochemical quenching; q P , photochemical quenching; TFA, total fatty acids; V cmax , maximum carboxylation activity; Φ, quantum yield of photosynthesis; φ e , estimation of the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport.

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Cuttings of Wollemi pine tolerate moderate photoinhibition and remain highly capable of root formation

Pohio

Wallace

Peters³

et al. 2005

Trees

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The Wollemi pine was discovered in 1994 at the base of a deep rainforest canyon in the Wollemi National Park, southeastern Australia. Only three populations have been found, comprising less than 100 adult trees. Ex situ conservation collections were quickly established, and also a commercial propagation program to produce plants for horticulture. We investigated vegetative propagation methods, focussing on rooting of cuttings with different amounts of foliar pruning, irradiance or fertiliser application, and we compared anatomy and rooting of cuttings at two different stages of stem development. We related root production to levels of photoinhibition experienced during the propagation phase, quantifying photoinhibition by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence. Maximum photochemical efficiency (F V /F M ) of cuttings declined during daily stress periods, particularly after many weeks without roots in the propagation environment, but these declines did not inhibit root formation. Mean percentage of cuttings that formed roots was usually high (79.4-94.0%). Treatments that alleviated photoinhibition, such as low irradiance or foliar fertilisation, did not increase rooting percentages. Other treatments that did not alleviate photoinhibition, such as incorporation of fertiliser in the medium or no pruning, did accelerate formation of an extensive root system. Soft cuttings had a less-developed sclerenchyma ring in their cortex compared with firm cuttings, but both cutting types provided high rooting percentages. Our results showed that cuttings under mist irrigation can be prone to long periods of moderate photoinhibition and yet remain highly capable of root production.

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Photosynthetic acclimation to high light conditions in mature leaves of Coffea arabica L.: role of xanthophylls, quenching mechanisms and nitrogen nutrition

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Partitioning of nitrate reductase activity in Coffea arabica L. and its relation to carbon assimilation under different irradiance regimes

Partitioning of nitrate reductase activity in Coffea arabica L. and its relation to carbon assimilation under different irradiance regimes

Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in coffee plants

Cuttings of Wollemi pine tolerate moderate photoinhibition and remain highly capable of root formation

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