Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in Geosiphon pyriforme (K�tzing) F. v. Wettstein, an endosymbiotic association of fungus and cyanobacterium

Kluge, Manfred; Mollenhauer, Dieter; Mollenhauer, Resi

doi:10.1007/bf00201049

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…3). Indeed, in cyanolichens, the intrahyphal cyanobacteria probably represent a significant source of carbon and possibly nitrogen for the fungi (80,197,198,356). Some evidence even suggests an enhancement of cyanobacterial photosynthesis when it is engaged in the symbiosis (42).…”

Section: Bacterial-fungal Molecular Interactions and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many bacteria rely on secretion systems to translocate molecules, such as proteins and DNA, into neighboring cells and the extracellular milieu (46). In Gram-negative bacteria, these secretion systems can (197,198). Bacteria benefit from micronutrients supplied by the fungus, such as phosphate (356).…”

Section: Bacterial-fungal Molecular Interactions and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

736

531

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SUMMARY Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.

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Section: Bacterial-fungal Molecular Interactions and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial-fungal Molecular Interactions and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

736

531

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In cyanobacterial-plant symbioses, at least one partner is photosynthetically active. The cyanobacterial partners remain photosynthetically active in symbioses with fungi and diatoms (Rai, 1990c ;Kluge et al, 1991 ;Villareal, 1992). From young to mature parts of a thallus, CO # fixation by the cyanobiont increases (Hill, 1989).…”

Section: Modifications Of the Cyanobiontmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In diatom symbioses, both partners are photosynthetic and there is no evidence of C exchange between the partners (Villareal, 1992 ;Janson et al, 1995). Movement of photosynthate occurs from the cyanobiont to the mycobiont in bipartite cyanolichens and in Geosiphon pyriforme (Smith & Douglas, 1987 ;Kluge et al, 1991). In lichens, release of glucose by the cyanobiont constitutes up to 70% of the C fixed.…”

Section: Nutrient Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 116

2000

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Summary 449 I. INTRODUCTION 450 II. THE PARTNERS 451 1. Cyanobionts and their role 451 2. Hosts and their role 453 3. Location of cyanobionts in their hosts 455 III. INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SYMBIOSES 458 1. Initiation of symbioses 458 2. Geosiphon pyriforme 458 3. Cyanolichens 459 4. Liverworts and hornworts 460 5. Azolla 460 6. Cycads 461 7. Gunnera 461 IV. THE SYMBIOSES 462 1. Geographical distribution and ecological significance 462 2. Benefits to the partners 462 (a) Benefits to the cyanobionts 462 (b) Benefits to the hosts 463 3. Duration and stability 463 4. Mode of transmission and perpetuation 463 5. Recognition between the partners 464 6. Specificity and diversity 464 7. Symbiosis‐related genes 465 8. Modifications of the cyanobiont 466 (a) Growth and morphology 466 (b) Photosynthesis and carbon metabolism 467 (c) Glutamine synthetase 467 (d) Heterocysts 469 (e) N2fixation 470 9. Nutrient exchange 471 (a) Carbon 471 (b) Nitrogen 472 V. EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS 472 VI. ARTIFICIAL SYMBIOSES 474 VII. FUTURE OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES 475 1. Cryptic symbioses 476 2. Developmental profile of symbiotic tissues 476 3. Sensing and signalling 476 4. Genetic aspects 476 5. Physiological and biochemical aspects of nutrient exchange 477 6. Microaerobiosis 477 7. Potential applications 477 Acknowledgements 477 References 477 Cyanobacteria are an ancient, morphologically diverse group of prokaryotes with an oxygenic photosynthesis. Many cyanobacteria also possess the ability to fix N2. Although well suited to an independent existence in nature, some cyanobacteria occur in symbiosis with a wide range of hosts (protists, animals and plants). Among plants, such symbioses have independently evolved in phylogenetically diverse genera belonging to the algae, fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. These are N2‐fixing symbioses involving heterocystous cyanobacteria, particularly Nostoc, as cyanobionts (cyanobacterial partners). A given host species associates with only a particular cyanobiont genus but such specificity does not extend to the strain level. The cyanobiont is located under a microaerobic environment in a variety of host organs and tissues (bladder, thalli and cephalodia in fungi; cavities in gametophytes of hornworts and liverworts or fronds of the Azolla sporophyte; coralloid roots in cycads; stem glands in Gunnera). Except for fungi, the hosts form these structures ahead of the cyanobiont infection. The symbiosis lasts for one generation except in Azolla and diatoms, in which it is perpetuated from generation to generation. Within each generation, multiple fresh infections occur as new symbiotic tissues and organs develop. The symbioses are stable over a wide range of environmental conditions, and sensing–signalling between partners ensures their synchronized growth and development. The cyanobiont population is kept constant in relation to the host biomass through controlled initiation and infection, nutrient supply and cell division. In most cases, the partners have remaine...

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“…The latter study contributed substantially to the formulation of Schnepf s theorem of compartmentation of the eucaryotic cell and provided strong arguments in favour of the endosymbiosis theory of cell evolution. Since it is possible to culture Geosiphon pyriforme in the labora tory , it could be shown that the bladders are photosynthetically active (Kluge et al, 1991) and fix N2 (Kluge et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geosiphon pyriforme, an Endosymbiotic Association of Fungus and Cyanobacteria: the Spore Structure Resembles that of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi

et al. 1994

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The zygomycete Geosiphon pyriforme is the only known endocyanosis of a fungus. The Nostoc spp. filaments are included in photosynthetically active and nitrogen fixing, multinucleated bladders, which grow on the soil surface. The spores of the fungus are white or slightly brownish. They are about 250 μm in diameter and develop singly on hyphal ends or, less frequently, intercalarly. The wall of the spores consists of a thin innermost layer, a laminated inner layer with a thickness of about 10–13 μm, and an evanescent outer layer. The laminated layer is composed of helicoidally arranged microfibrils, and is separated from the evanescent outer layer by a thin electron‐dense sublayer. Polarisation microscopy indicates the occurrence of chitin. Shape and wall ultrastructure of the Geosiphon spores and their cytoplasm resemble that of Glomus spores, but are different from that of other genera of the Glomales and Endogonales. Germination occurs by a single thick hyphal outgrowth directly through the spore wall. Like various AM forming fungi, Geosiphon pyriforme contains endocytic bacteria‐like organisms, which are not surrounded by a host membrane. Our observations indicate that Geosiphon is a potential AM fungus.

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Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in Geosiphon pyriforme (K�tzing) F. v. Wettstein, an endosymbiotic association of fungus and cyanobacterium

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Tansley Review No. 116

Geosiphon pyriforme, an Endosymbiotic Association of Fungus and Cyanobacteria: the Spore Structure Resembles that of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi

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