Photosynthetic gas exchange and antioxidative system in common bean plants infected by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and supplied with silicon

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of silicon (Si) on the resistance of common bean plants to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. The plants were grown in a nutrient solution containing 0 (control) or 2 mM Si (+Si) and both photosynthesis and antioxidative metabolism levels were evaluated. The Si concentrations in the leaf tissues of +Si plants increased by 33% in comparison to those of control plants. Anthracnose severity was reduced by 34% in +Si plants in comparison to control plants. The net carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor and transpiration rate values were significantly higher in +Si plants than in control plants. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) tended to be higher in +Si plants than in control plants. The hydrogen peroxide concentration was significantly lower in +Si plants than in control plants. In conclusion, the Si supply was associated with lower anthracnose severity and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, which in turn might be associated with better gas exchange in +Si plants. The impaired photosynthetic performance in +Si plants was associated with stomatal limitations, whereas in control plants those impairments likely reflected dysfunctions at the level of biochemical reactions involved in CO 2 fixation.

Potassium silicate treatment enhances natural disease resistance in <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. and reduces anthracnose disease development

“…In addition, as per the results of this study, compared to the extracts of non-treated tissues, there was an increase level of in β-1, 3-glucanase in the extract of the Potassium silicate (Kasil ® ) treated and challenge inoculated fruit peel extracts. Similar observations have also been reported by Li et al (2012), Farahani et al (2013) and Polanco et al (2014). Further, Rahman et al (2015) stated that Sitreatment enhances the of phenolic acids and involved in enhancing resistance to gray leaf spot disease in perennial ryegrass (Magnaporthe oryzae) pathosystems.…”

Silicon-enhanced resistance of plants to biotic stresses review article

“…Several studies observed a positive effect of silicon in decreasing the intensity of hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens as recorded in the pathoysytems of Diplocarpon rosae (black spot)-rose (Gillman et al, 2003), Phytophthora capsici (Phytophthora blight)-bell pepper (French-Monar et al, 2010), Colletotrichum sublineolum (anthracnose)-sorghum (Resende et al, 2013), C. lindemuthianum (anthracnose)-bean (Polanco et al, 2014), and Pyricularia oryzae (blast)-wheat (Cruz et al, 2015). Domiciano et al (2015) found that silicon applications of 2 mM reduced the severity of blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae, anamorph Pyricularia grisea) in rice plants.…”

Is silicon capable to affect the photosynthetic performance of green maize plants?

“…Similarly, maize plants evaluated in a stress-free field conditions obtained an increase in the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, nevertherless, a decrease in transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration in the leaf substomatal chamber (Xie et al, 2014). We found studies that report Si positive effects occurred in stressful field conditions to the plants, for example, salt stress, drought stress, nutrient imbalance, presence of heavy metal (Ali et al, 2013) and inoculation of the pathogenic fungus (Polanco et al, 2014;Etesami, 2018). Phytoremediation plants treated with Si also presented positive results in the leaf gas exchanges and the photosynthetic performance of higher plants results directly in biological productivity during plant development; for example, rice plants under arsenic (As) cultivation and green maize under cadmium (Cd) cultivation (Vaculík et al, 2015).…”