Photosynthetic microalgae–based carbon sequestration and generation of biomass in biorefinery approach for renewable biofuels for a cleaner environment

Jaiswal, Krishna Kumar; Dutta, Swapnamoy; Banerjee, Ishita; Pohrmen, Cheryl Bernice; Kumar, Vinod

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01504-y

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…The ecosystem has suffered negative consequences because of the disruption caused by increased industrialization (Osman et al 2021b). Furthermore, unrestricted use of natural resources contributes to the implementation of this negative impact (Jaiswal et al 2021).…”

Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Algal biomass valorization for biofuel production and carbon sequestration: a review

et al. 2022

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The world is experiencing an energy crisis and environmental issues due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the continuous increase in carbon dioxide concentrations. Microalgal biofuels are produced using sunlight, water, and simple salt minerals. Their high growth rate, photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide sequestration capacity make them one of the most important biorefinery platforms. Furthermore, microalgae's ability to alter their metabolism in response to environmental stresses to produce relatively high levels of high-value compounds makes them a promising alternative to fossil fuels. As a result, microalgae can significantly contribute to long-term solutions to critical global issues such as the energy crisis and climate change. The environmental benefits of algal biofuel have been demonstrated by significant reductions in carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxide emissions. Microalgae-derived biomass has the potential to generate a wide range of commercially important high-value compounds, novel materials, and feedstock for a variety of industries, including cosmetics, food, and feed. This review evaluates the potential of using microalgal biomass to produce a variety of bioenergy carriers, including biodiesel from stored lipids, alcohols from reserved carbohydrate fermentation, and hydrogen, syngas, methane, biochar and bio-oils via anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Furthermore, the potential use of microalgal biomass in carbon sequestration routes as an atmospheric carbon removal approach is being evaluated. The cost of algal biofuel production is primarily determined by culturing (77%), harvesting (12%), and lipid extraction (7.9%). As a result, the choice of microalgal species and cultivation mode (autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic) are important factors in controlling biomass and bioenergy production, as well as fuel properties. The simultaneous production of microalgal biomass in agricultural, municipal, or industrial wastewater is a low-cost option that could significantly reduce economic and environmental costs while also providing a valuable remediation service. Microalgae have also been proposed as a viable candidate for carbon dioxide capture from the atmosphere or an industrial point source. Microalgae can sequester 1.3 kg of carbon dioxide to produce 1 kg of biomass. Using potent microalgal strains in efficient design bioreactors for carbon dioxide sequestration is thus a challenge. Microalgae can theoretically use up to 9% of light energy to capture and convert 513 tons of carbon dioxide into 280 tons of dry biomass per hectare per year in open and closed cultures. Using an integrated microalgal bio-refinery to recover high-value-added products could reduce waste and create efficient biomass processing into bioenergy. To design an efficient atmospheric carbon removal system, algal biomass cultivation should be coupled with thermochemical technologies, such as pyrolysis.

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Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalgae species absorb and sequester carbon dioxide, and their photosynthetic systems can harvest light photons and inorganic carbon. These microbes effectively capture and use carbon dioxide for biomass production, making them a viable source for the bioenergy and food industries (Jaiswal et al 2021).…”

Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal biomass valorization for biofuel production and carbon sequestration: a review

et al. 2022

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“…Common carbon fixation or sequestration techniques include multidisciplinary physical [12,13], chemical [14], and biological [15,16] approaches. The biological approach of carbon fixation, i.e., CO 2 biofixation, involves absorbing and utilizing CO 2 by photosynthesis in autotrophic organisms or plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, photosynthetic CO 2 biofixation is a promising technology for carbon fixation [17,18]. As shown in Figure 1, microalgae are some of the most efficient photosynthetic organisms for CO 2 biofixation as microalgae cultures have higher growth rates, higher conversion yields, lower demands for water, and smaller requirements for land area than terrestrial plants [16,19,20]. The factors of CO 2 biofixation influence microalgal strains, CO 2 from flue gas, nutrients from wastewater, light, pH, temperature, and cultivation system [7,9,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 1, microalgae are some of the most efficient photosynthetic organisms for CO 2 biofixation as microalgae cultures have higher growth rates, higher conversion yields, lower demands for water, and smaller requirements for land area than terrestrial plants [16,19,20]. The factors of CO 2 biofixation influence microalgal strains, CO 2 from flue gas, nutrients from wastewater, light, pH, temperature, and cultivation system [7,9,[15][16][17]. Microalgal biomass is generally composed of approximately 50% carbon by dry microalgal cells because of the estimated CO 0.48 H 1.83 N 0.11 P 0.01 of the approximate molecular formula of microalgal biomass [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivation and Biorefinery of Microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for Producing Biofuels and Other Byproducts: A Review

et al. 2021

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Microalgae-based carbon dioxide (CO2) biofixation and biorefinery are the most efficient methods of biological CO2 reduction and reutilization. The diversification and high-value byproducts of microalgal biomass, known as microalgae-based biorefinery, are considered the most promising platforms for the sustainable development of energy and the environment, in addition to the improvement and integration of microalgal cultivation, scale-up, harvest, and extraction technologies. In this review, the factors influencing CO2 biofixation by microalgae, including microalgal strains, flue gas, wastewater, light, pH, temperature, and microalgae cultivation systems are summarized. Moreover, the biorefinery of Chlorella biomass for producing biofuels and its byproducts, such as fine chemicals, feed additives, and high-value products, are also discussed. The technical and economic assessments (TEAs) and life cycle assessments (LCAs) are introduced to evaluate the sustainability of microalgae CO2 fixation technology. This review provides detailed insights on the adjusted factors of microalgal cultivation to establish sustainable biological CO2 fixation technology, and the diversified applications of microalgal biomass in biorefinery. The economic and environmental sustainability, and the limitations and needs of microalgal CO2 fixation, are discussed. Finally, future research directions are provided for CO2 reduction by microalgae.

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Co‐production of bioethanol and commercially important exopolysaccharides from the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus BDU 10144 in a novel low‐cost seawater‐fertilizer‐based medium

Chandra

Mallick

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The production of bioethanol by cyanobacteria can become economically sustainable if other valuable commercial products, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), are produced simultaneously. This study investigates the feasibility of producing bioethanol and the commercially important EPS from a non‐nitrogen fixing marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus BDU 10144 in a novel low‐cost seawater‐fertilizer medium for the development of a biorefinery strategy. Herein, agricultural fertilizer diammonium phosphate (DAP) (nitrogen source), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and potassium were optimized by the central composite design to produce maximum biomass and carbohydrate accretion. The optimal physical conditions for attaining maximum growth and carbohydrate accumulation were determined to be pH 10, 50 μmol m−2 s−1 (light intensity) and 25°C. Further, different concentrations of seawater were mixed with the optimized fertilizer‐salts, and it was observed that 70% of seawater mixed with the optimized fertilizer‐salts (hereafter FSW medium) was an optimum condition for growing the test cyanobacterium, which ultimately reduced the cost of the medium by >40 times compared to the standard artificial seawater nutrient (ASN‐III) medium. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum biomass (1.79 g/L) and carbohydrate (702.4 mg/L) yield obtained were ~1.7 and 2.2 times higher than the ASN‐III. The yield of bioethanol was noted to be 318.1 mg/L, which was ~2.3 times greater than ASN‐III. The commercially important EPS was obtained from the discarded supernatant (0.28 g/L), which was ~1.6 times higher in the FSW medium. Thus, the present investigation paves a way forward for mass cultivation of the S. elongatus BDU 1044 in the novel FSW medium for the cost‐efficient and sustainable development of a biorefinery concept.

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Photosynthetic microalgae–based carbon sequestration and generation of biomass in biorefinery approach for renewable biofuels for a cleaner environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 181 publications

Algal biomass valorization for biofuel production and carbon sequestration: a review

Algal biomass valorization for biofuel production and carbon sequestration: a review

Cultivation and Biorefinery of Microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for Producing Biofuels and Other Byproducts: A Review

Co‐production of bioethanol and commercially important exopolysaccharides from the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus BDU 10144 in a novel low‐cost seawater‐fertilizer‐based medium

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