Photosynthetic response to elevated temperature in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum in culture.

Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto; Matta, Jaime; Robins, Wendy A.; Trench, Robert K.

doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10302

Cited by 370 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In less than one hour of high temperature exposure, photosynthesis rates in cultured Symbiodinium microadriaticum increased at temperatures up to 30°C and decreased drastically above 30°C (Iglesias-Prieto et al 1992). The mitotic index (percent of cells dividing) in thermally stressed Symbiodinium cultures decreases within days of heat exposure (Bouchard and Yamasaki 2009).…”

Section: Numerous Biological Symptoms Of the Symbiodinium Thermal Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid biomarkers in Symbiodinium dinoflagellates: new indicators of thermal stress

et al. 2013

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Lipid content and fatty acid profiles of corals and their dinoflagellate endosymbionts are known to vary in response to high temperature stress. To better understand the heat stress response in these symbionts, we investigated cultures of Symbiodinium goreauii type C1 and Symbiodinium clade subtype D1 grown under a range of temperatures and durations. The predominant lipids produced by Symbiodinium are palmitic (C16) and stearic (C18) saturated fatty acids and their unsaturated analogs, docosahexaenoic (C22:6, n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and a variety of sterols. The relative amount of unsaturated acids within the C18 fatty acids in Symbiodinium tissue decreases in response to thermal stress. Prolonged exposure to high temperature also causes a decrease in abundance of fatty acids relative to sterols. These shifts in fatty acids and sterols are common to both types C1 and D1, but the apparent thermal threshold of lipid changes is lower for type C1. This work indicates that ratios among free fatty acids and sterols in Symbiodinium can be used as sensitive indicators of thermal stress.If the Symbdionium lipid stress response is unchanged in hospite, the algal heat stress biomarkers we have identified could be measured to detect thermal stress within the coral holobiont.. These results provide new insights into the potential role of lipids in the overall Symbiodinium thermal stress response.

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Section: Numerous Biological Symptoms Of the Symbiodinium Thermal Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid biomarkers in Symbiodinium dinoflagellates: new indicators of thermal stress

et al. 2013

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“…Coral bleaching is a consequence of high-irradiance and high water temperatures (Iglesias-Prieto et al 1992;Jones et al 1998;Warner et al 1999Warner et al , 2002Mumby et al 2001). Recently, it has been shown that the interrelatedness of temperature and light has reciprocal effects, whereby the increase in temperature under high light conditions will be perceived by the symbionts as an increase in light stress, and vice versa (Iglesias-Prieto et al 2004;Takahashi et al 2004;Nakamura et al 2005).…”

Section: Palau's Reefs In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palau’s coral reefs show differential habitat recovery following the 1998-bleaching event

et al. 2007

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Documenting successional dynamics of coral communities following large-scale bleaching events is necessary to predict coral population responses to global climate change. In 1998, high sea surface temperatures and low cloud cover in the western Pacific Ocean caused high coral mortality on the outer exposed reefs of Palau (Micronesia), while coral mortality in sheltered bays was low. Recovery was examined from 2001 to 2005 at 13 sites stratified by habitat (outer reefs, patch reefs and bays) and depth (3 and 10 m). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) rates of change of coral cover vary in accordance with habitat, and (2) recovery rates depend on recruitment. Coral cover increased most in the sheltered bays, despite a low recruitment rate, suggesting that recovery in bays was primarily a consequence of remnant regrowth. Recruitment densities were consistently high on the wave-exposed reefs, particularly the western slopes, where recovery was attributed to both recruitment and regrowth of remnants. Recovery was initially more rapid at 10 m than 3 m on outer reefs, but in 2004, recovery rates were similar at both depths. Rapid recovery was possible because Palau's coral reefs were buffered by remnant survival and recruitment from the less impacted habitats.

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“…In Symbiodinium isolated from the jellyfish Cassiopeia xamachana, photosynthesis is inhibited at temperatures above 30°C and completely disrupted at 34-36°C (7). Subsequent studies have shown that reduced photosynthesis caused by thermal stress in Symbiodinium can be attributed to photoinhibition of PSII (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Different thermal sensitivity of the repair of photodamaged photosynthetic machinery in cultured Symbiodinium species

Takahashi

Whitney

Badger

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

133

127

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Coral bleaching caused by heat stress is accompanied by photoinhibition, which occurs under conditions where the rate of photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) exceeds the rate of its repair, in the symbiotic algae (Symbiodinium spp.) within corals. However, the mechanism of heat stress-induced photoinhibition in Symbiodinium still remains poorly understood. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of elevated temperature on the processes associated with the repair of photodamaged PSII in cultured Symbiodinium (OTcH-1 and CS-73). Severe photoinhibition was observed at temperature exceeding 32°C in Symbiodinium CS-73 cells grown at 25-34°C but not in cultures of the more thermally tolerant Symbiodinium OTcH-1. After photoinhibition treatment by strong light, photodamaged PSII was repaired close to initial levels under low light at 25°C in both OTcH-1 and CS-73. However, the repair was strongly inhibited by increased temperature exceeding 31°C in CS-73 but only weakly in OTcH-1. We found that inhibition of the repair process in CS-73 is attributed to impairment of both protein synthesis-dependent and -independent repair processes and is at least partially caused by suppression of the de novo synthesis of thylakoid membrane proteins and impairment of the generation of ⌬pH across the thylakoid membrane, respectively. Our results suggest that acceleration of photoinhibition by moderate heat stress is attributed primarily to inhibition of the repair of photodamaged PSII and that the photoinhibition sensitivity of Symbiodinium to heat stress is determined by the thermal sensitivity of the PSII repair processes.coral bleaching ͉ heat stress ͉ photoinhibition ͉ photosystem II ͉ zooxanthellae

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Photosynthetic response to elevated temperature in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum in culture.

Cited by 370 publications

References 22 publications

Lipid biomarkers in Symbiodinium dinoflagellates: new indicators of thermal stress

Lipid biomarkers in Symbiodinium dinoflagellates: new indicators of thermal stress

Palau’s coral reefs show differential habitat recovery following the 1998-bleaching event

Different thermal sensitivity of the repair of photodamaged photosynthetic machinery in cultured Symbiodinium species

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