“…Lastly, the photothermal conversion materials are placed in lesions to enhance the light absorption and heat conversion in the tumors. The rapid development of biotechnology and nanotechnology provides several kinds of photothermal conversion materials including metallic nanoparticles 21,22 , magnetic nanoparticles 23 , semiconductor quantum dots (CdSe, CdTe) 24,25 , carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes) 26,27 , organic nanoparticles (dyes, polymer, biomacromolecule) 28–30 for PTT. Despite the effective conversion from light energy to heat, these photothermal conversion materials still exhibit some limitations such as weak biological compatibility and long-term toxicity in clinical applications 31 .…”