2023
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37086-8
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Photothermally induced natural vibration for versatile and high-speed actuation of crystals

Abstract: The flourishing field of soft robotics requires versatile actuation methodology. Natural vibration is a physical phenomenon that can occur in any material. Here, we report high-speed bending of anisole crystals by natural vibration induced by the photothermal effect. Rod-shaped crystal cantilevers undergo small, fast repetitive bending (~0.2°) due to natural vibration accompanied by large photothermal bending (~1°) under ultraviolet light irradiation. The natural vibration is greatly amplified by resonance upo… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Recent years have witnessed the rise of molecular photoswitch-based single crystals as smart photoresponsive materials that can change their color and shape or undergo movement on exposure to light radiation. Apart from light-induced movement due to photoswitching in single crystals and polymers, photoexcitable molecules also display a photothermal effectproduction of thermal energy by nonradiative transition when excited by light. Although photothermally driven actuation was reported earlier for polymeric membranes, similar effects were reported in single crystals only recently by Koshima et al …”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 61%
“…Recent years have witnessed the rise of molecular photoswitch-based single crystals as smart photoresponsive materials that can change their color and shape or undergo movement on exposure to light radiation. Apart from light-induced movement due to photoswitching in single crystals and polymers, photoexcitable molecules also display a photothermal effectproduction of thermal energy by nonradiative transition when excited by light. Although photothermally driven actuation was reported earlier for polymeric membranes, similar effects were reported in single crystals only recently by Koshima et al …”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 61%
“…2f,g), which is consistent with our previous nding that resonance occurred not only at the natural frequency but also at it odd fractions. 12 The nite element analysis (FEA) 12 results reproduced the pulse frequency dependence of the bending angle (Fig, 2g, red circles, Supplementary Fig. 27).…”
Section: Crystal Oscillations In the Rst Mode Of Natural Vibrationmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Extending the range of light wavelengths capable of driving photothermal actuation in molecular crystals through Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene coating holds great potential for application across various types of crystals. In addition to testing the p ‐chlorosalicylideneaniline (Enol‐ 1 ) crystal, we also conducted tests on two other molecular crystals; 2,4‐dinitroanisole (Anisole) [ 53 ] and N ‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene‐4‐benzoylaniline ( p ‐COPh‐SA) [ 15 ] ( Figure ). Coating the thick anisole crystal (4947 × 293 × 163 µm 3 ) with the Ti 3 C 2 T x solution results in a uniform Ti 3 C 2 T x layer on the crystal (Figure 8a).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%