Phototrophic pigment production with microalgae: biological constraints and opportunities

Mulders, Kim J. M.; Lamers, Packo P.; Martens, Dirk E.; Wijffels, René H.

doi:10.1111/jpy.12173

Cited by 250 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…In addition, these microalgae are well known for the synthesis of fucoxanthin and important antioxidant carotenoid. Fucoxanthin is mainly naturally found in marine microalgae, associated with thylakoid membranes, and it works by transferring excitation energy to chlorophyll a, driving electrons to the electrons transport chain [28,29]. Fucoxanthin is usually found to be 0.22-1.82% in the biomass of these microalgae, but it can reach much higher concentrations in Isochrysis cultured at proper light intensity, cell density, and mixing.…”

Section: Light Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Faraloni¹,

Torzillo²

2017

Carotenoids

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Carotenoids act as potential antioxidants, quenching energy of excited singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. Among microalgae, Haematococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Dunaliella and diatoms and dinolagellates, such as Phaeodactylum and Isochrysis, are able to synthesize large amount of carotenoids. The main function of carotenoids consists in absorbing light to perform photosynthesis, and some of them are constitutively present in the cells (primary carotenoids). The main primary carotenoids usually found are neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene. To preserve cells from oxidative damage, their production may be increased, while other carotenoids may be synthesized de novo. In particular, under stress conditions such as high light exposure, nutrient starvation, change in oxygen partial pressure, and high or low temperatures, microalgal metabolism is altered and photosynthetic activity may be reduced. In these conditions, photosynthetic electrons transport is reduced, and the intracellular reduction level increase may be associated with the formation of free radicals and species containing singlet oxygen. In order to prevent damage from photooxidation, microalgae are able to adopt strategies to contrast these dangerous oxidant molecules. One of the most active mechanisms is to synthesize large amount of carotenoids, which can act as antioxidants.

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Section: Light Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Faraloni¹,

Torzillo²

2017

Carotenoids

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“…Fucoxanthin is naturally found in marine organisms, like brown algae (Miyashita et al 2011) and microalgae, where it is coupled to the thylakoid membrane to transfer excitation energy to the photosynthetic electron transport chain via chlorophyll a (Jin et al 2003;Mulders et al 2014). Fucoxanthin concentration ranges from 2.24 to 18.23 mg Fucoxanthin g Dry Weight -1 in microalgae, which is one to three orders of magnitude greater than that found in macroalgae (Xia et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth kinetics and fucoxanthin production of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana cultures at different light and agitation conditions

2015

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Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid that exerts multiple beneficial effects on human health. However, reports comparing microalgae culture conditions and their effect on growth and fucoxanthin production are still limited. Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultures in different light (62.0, 25.9, 13.5, or 9.1 μmol photons m -2 s -1 ), mixing conditions (1 vvm aeration or 130 rpm agitation), and media compositions (F/2 and Conway medium) were studied for comparison of cellular growth and fucoxanthin production on F/2 medium. I. galbana showed a better adaptation to tested culture conditions in comparison with P. tricornutum, reaching 2.15 × 10 7 ±4.07×10 6 cells mL -1 and a specific growth rate (μ) of 1.12±0.05 day -1 under aerated conditions and 62.0 μmol photons m -2 s -1 light intensity. Fucoxanthin concentration was about 25 % higher in P. tricornutum cultures under 13.5 μmol photons m -2 s -1 light intensity and aerated conditions, but the highest fucoxanthin total production was higher in I. galbana, where 3.32 mg can be obtained from 1 L batch cultures at the 16th day under these conditions. Moreover, higher cell densities (~32.41 %), fucoxanthin concentration (~42.46 %), and total production (~50.68 %) were observed in I. galbana cultures grown in Conway medium, if compared with cultures grown in F/2 medium. The results show that the best growth conditions did not result in the best fucoxanthin production for either microalgae, implying that there is not a direct relationship between cellular growth and fucoxanthin production. Moreover, the results suggest that I. galbana cultures on Conway medium are strong candidates for fucoxanthin production, where 1.2 to 15 times higher fucoxanthin concentration are observed in comparison to macroalgal sources.

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“…Mulders, K. J., et al [16] identified the structure of chlorophyll as "a hydrocarbon tail connected to chlorin, an aromatic ring that contains a tetrapyrrole in which the central magnesium ion is bound to four pyrrole rings". Chlorophyll is photoreceptor of photosynthesis and has antioxidant and antimutagen characteristics.…”

Section: Increasing the Protein Amount Of Chlorella Vulgaris [Chlorphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Protein Amount of Chlorella vulgaris [Chlorphyta] Strains Isolated from Different Fresh Water Ponds

Duygu¹

2017

JESE-B

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Chlorella vulgaris is a single-cell, spherical green algae and one of the microalgae on which many applied studies are conducted. In the present study, five strains displaying fast and efficient reproduction were chosen among 11 C. vulgaris strains isolated from different fresh water ponds and their cell numbers and the amount of chlorophyll a, protein, lipid, cellulose and carbohydrate were examined. The main goal of the study is to investigate increasing the biochemical contents especially the protein content of C. vulgaris strains in different mediums. In the present study, cell densities were determined through cell count for five days. In parallel with cell count, their chlorophyll a content was determined. The highest cell density was observed with C. vulgaris TOH (Tourism and Hotel Management Pond) strain as 5.5 × 10 4 h/mL, and the chlorophyll a content as 4.3 × 10 2 mg/m 3 . The highest intracellular protein amount was determined with C. vulgaris GUH (Gazi University Rectorship Pond) (0.061 g/100 mL) and the highest lipid amount was attained with C. vulgaris UIK (Ulus Construction Well) strain as 0.019 g/100 mL. The process of increasing the intracellular protein amount in C. vulgaris GUH strain was carried out in Prat, Yagojinski and Chlorella medium. The results indicated that Chlorella medium increased the intracellular protein amount.

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Phototrophic pigment production with microalgae: biological constraints and opportunities

Cited by 250 publications

References 95 publications

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Synthesis of Antioxidant Carotenoids in Microalgae in Response to Physiological Stress

Growth kinetics and fucoxanthin production of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana cultures at different light and agitation conditions

Increasing the Protein Amount of Chlorella vulgaris [Chlorphyta] Strains Isolated from Different Fresh Water Ponds

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