Phraseology in specialized resources

Abstract

In English, the international language of communication (Tono in Lexicography 1(1):1–5, 2014), complex nominals (CNs) are frequently used to convey specialized concepts (Sager et al. in English special languages. Principles and practice in science and technology. Brandstetter Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1980; Nakov in Natural Language Engineering 19(03):291–330, 2013). These phraseological units have a nominal head that is modifed by another element (e.g., hydropower production). Problems can arise in relation to their identifcation, their bracketing or internal structure disambiguation, their meaning access, and their translation or production in another language. Although they are not marginal phenomena in specialized language, they are rarely included in specialized resources. Even when they are included, their treatment is not systematic (Cabezas-García and Faber in Computational and corpus-based phraseology. Springer, Cham, pp 145–159, 2017a). This article describes the representation of CNs in EcoLexicon (http://www.ecolexicon.ugr.es), a terminological knowledge base, whose new phraseological module will include verb collocations (e.g., a volcano spews lava) as well as CNs. For that purpose, we used a wind power corpus in English and Spanish for term extraction, semantic analysis, establishment of interlinguistic correspondences, and defnition crafting. We propose diferent access points to information (Kwary in International Journal of Lexicography 25(1):30–49, 2012), such as the CNs formed from a given term, a bilingual view in English and Spanish, or the syntactic–semantic combinations in CNs. The structure of the CN module is based on the semantics of these phraseological units, which facilitates the specifcation of mapping rules as well as knowledge acquisition (Faber in A cognitive linguistics view of terminology and specialized language. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, 2012).

Long Word Sequences in the Discourse of Adventure Tourism

“…In this context, not only has the emphasis been placed on collocations, but research has also delved into longer sequences of words. For instance, structures of 3, 4, and 5 words have been analyzed in the field of applied linguistics [17]; 4-grams have been explored in scientific research articles [19]; complex nominals have been covered in the specialized domain of the environment [4]. As to the discourse of tourism, recurrent lexical bundles and phrase frames have been examined in hotel websites [11,12,13], concluding that the flexible elements of these sequences are content words which fill the slot in frames such as will be [required, charged] to or we are [happy, delighted] to.…”

Textual Analysis of Complex Nominals Translation Errors in Economic Texts

“…Lauer (1995), on the other hand, referred to them as "noun compounds". Johnston, et al, (1995), Montero (1996), and Busa and Johnston (1996) called them "complex nominals", and the same term has been recently used by both Cabezas-García and Gil-Berrozpe (2018), and Cabezas-García, and Faber (2018). As for de Izquierdo and Bailey (1998), a rather long term was chosen, "complex noun phrases and complex nominals".…”