Phyllochron estimation in intercropped strawberry and monocrop systems in a protected environment

Abstract

RESUMO -O filocrono é definido como o tempo necessário para o aparecimento de folhas sucessivas em uma planta, caracterizando o crescimento e o desenvolvimento vegetal e, com isso, a adaptação da planta ao ambiente. Para verificar o desenvolvimento e a adaptação de cultivares de morangueiro consorciadas com a figueira, foi estimado o filocrono nesse sistema e no cultivo solteiro. O trabalho foi realizado em duas estufas agrícolas, na Universidade de Passo Fundo (28º15'41'' S, 52º24'45'' W e 709 m), no período de 08 de junho a 04 de setembro de 2009, compreendendo o período do transplante à 2ª floração. Avaliaram-se as cultivares Aromas, Camino Real, Albion, Camarosa e Ventana (mudas oriundas do Viveiro Agrícola LLahuen -Chile) e Festival, Camino Real e Earlibrite (mudas oriundas do Viveiro Viansa S.A. -Argentina) produzidas em sacolas de polietileno branco preenchidos com o substrato comercial Tecnomax®. Os tratamentos (cultivares) foram dispostos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foi realizada uma regressão linear entre número de folhas (NF) na coroa principal e a soma térmica acumulada (STa). O filocrono (graus Celsius dia folha -1 ) foi estimado como sendo o inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e, quando houve significância, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A média e o desvio-padrão do filocrono das cultivares de morangueiro consorciadas com figueira apresentaram variações de 149,35ºC folha -1 ± 31,3 na cultivar Albion até 86,34ºC folha -1 ± 34,74 em Ventana. O mesmo foi observado para o cultivo solteiro, porém apresentando diferença significativa entre Albion com 199,96ºC folha -1 ± 29,7 e Ventana com 85,75ºC folha -1 ± 11,51. Através desses resultados, observa-se que Albion necessita de maior acúmulo de graus-dia para emitir uma folha do que a cv. Ventana (precoce). Com isso, as cultivares de morangueiro podem ser cultivadas consorciadas com a figueira cv. Roxo de Valinhos. Termos para indexação: Fragaria х ananassa Duch., Ficus carica L., taxa de aparecimento de folhas, soma térmica acumulada. PHYLLOCHRON ESTIMATION IN INTERCROPPED STRAWBERRY AND MONOCROP SYSTEMS IN A PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTABSTRACT -The phyllochron is defined as the time required for the appearance of successive leaves on a plant; this characterises plant growth, development and adaptation to the environment. To check the growth and adaptation in cultivars of strawberry grown intercropped with fig trees, it was estimated the phyllochron in these production systems and in the monocrop. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses at the University of Passo Fundo (28º15'41'' S, 52º24'45'' W and 709 m) from June 8 th to September 4 th , 2009; this comprised the period of transplant until the 2 nd flowering. The cultivars Aromas, Camino Real, Albion, Camarosa and Ventana, which seedlings were originated from the Agrícola LLahuen Nursery in Chile, as well as Festival, Camino Real and Earlibrite, originated from the Viansa S.A. Nursery in Argentina,...

Artificial vernalization in strawberry plants: phyllochron, production and quality

“…Tazzo et al, (2015) found phyllochron values of 135.61° C day leaf -1 for the Albion cultivar, which is higher than what was seen for Camarosa. For the Albion cultivar, Costa et al, (2012) observed differences in phyllochron of vernalized and non-vernalized seedlings and the appearance of leaves on vernalized seedlings was 93.30° C day leaf -1 , while for nonvernalized seedlings, the phyllochron was 117.80° C day leaf -1 . The lower leaf emission rate in a plant resulted in higher phyllochron which means that plants likely needs a greater thermal sum for leaf emission (Rose et al, 2013).…”

Phyllochron and leaf appearance rate in oat

“…Phyllochron variability among cultivars was also verified by Clerget et al (2008) and Rosa et al (2009) in wheat and by Pržulj and Momčilović (2013) in barley. Furthermore, in assessing the phyllochron in strawberry, Rosa et al (2011) andMendonça et al (2012) observed differences among cultivars. According to these authors, different results among cultivars are due to genetic differences.…”

“…Studies to determine the phyllochron were performed for crops, such as sorghum (Clerget et al 2008), brachiaria (Santos et al 2009), maize Martins et al 2012), wheat (Rosa et al 2009;Mohamed et al 2013;Pržulj and Momčilović 2013), and strawberry (Rosa et al 2011;Mendonça et al 2012). Researches for determination of leaf appearance rate were carried out for the crops brachiaria (Santos et al 2009;Paciullo et al 2008), maize (Streck et al 2010), and wheat (Mohamed et al 2013).…”

Yield and Quality Performance of Italian and American Strawberry Genotypes in Brazil

“…The base temperature (Tb) is defined as the daily thermal time units above a lower base temperature, below which the plant does not grow or its development is so slow that it can be ignored (Rosa et al, 2011), for the strawberry evaluation a 7 °C as a base temperature (Mendonça et al, 2012).…”