Phyllotaxis Theories and Tepal‐stamen Superposition in Basella Rubra

Lacroix, Christian; Sattler, Rolf

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1988.tb13515.x

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most phyllotactic theories are based on observations of leaf arrangement at the shoot apex (first available space theory, morphogen theory, RUTIS-HAUSER 1981;RUTISHAUSER and SATTLER 1985;LACROIX and SATTLER 1988). One of the most frequently made observations is that new leaves are initiated in regions of the apex as far as possible from all other leaves (HOFMEISTER 1868).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the speculative nature of these acropetally moving signals, this theory could explain the occurrence of divergence angles between 0° and 100°. GREEN'S biophysical model of hoop reinforcement also might explain costoid phyllotaxis and organ superposition (GREEN 1988, LACROIX andSATTLER 1988). JEAN'S (1988) conceptual model, though involving a phylogenetic perspective, claims to explain various extraordinary phyllotactic patterns, including costoid phyllotaxis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases of organ superposition, though rare in the vegetative region (Utricularia spp.) (RUTISHAUSER and SATTLER, in press), are found regularly in many flowers (JEAN 1988, LACROIX andSATTLER 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae)

Kirchoff¹,

Rutishauser²

1990

Botanical Gazette

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spiromonostichous phyllotaxy of Costus, and other Costaceae, is characterized by low divergence angles, often as low as (30°-) 50°. This constrasts with the main series Fibonacci (divergence angles approximating 137.5°) or distichous phyllotaxy found in all other Zingiberales. A morphological and developmental study of three species of Costus revealed a number of facts about this unusual phyllotactic pattern. In C. scaber and C. woodsonii the divergence angles gradually change along a shoot, from 140°-100° in the region of the cataphylls to 60°-45° in the inflorescence. In C. cuspidatus, the divergence angles change from 40°-100° in the cataphyll region to ca. 137° in the inflorescence. In all three species, the cataphylls and foliage leaves have tubular sheaths, while the inflorescence bracts are nonsheathing. Thus, spiromonostichy is only loosely correlated with closed leaf sheaths.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae)

Kirchoff¹,

Rutishauser²

1990

Botanical Gazette

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Superposed whorls have their organs arranged in the same radii and violate Hofmeister's rule. Superposition of whorls (also known as "sectorial cohesiveness" or "in-line" production of organs) is observable in several flowers, e.g., superposition of tepals and stamens in Basella and Berberis (Lacroix and Sattler 1988;Endress 1992Endress , 1994b. Superposition of stamens with perianth members is the most frequent case of "sectorial cohesiveness."…”

Section: Symmetry Of Whorl-forming Shootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerous Leaf Whorls in Vascular Plants: Developmental Morphology and Fuzziness of Organ Identities

Rutishauser

1999

International Journal of Plant Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vascular plants there are at least eight ways to develop polymerous whorls, i.e., whorls with four or more leaves. Six ways are presented and compared with literature to estimate organ identity (morphological significance) of the leaflike whorl members. New shoots (also seedlings) may start with dimerous or trimerous whorls. Then leaf number per whorl rises as follows: (1) Many taxa add more leaves per whorl continuously with increasing size of the apical meristem (e.g., Equisetum, Hippuris). (2) Taxa provided with interpetiolar stipules replace their stipules by leaves (e.g., Galium and allies). (3) Taxa with the capacity to form compound leaves shift basal leaflets around the whole node (e.g., Limnophila, probably also Ceratophyllum). Various whorled plants start shoot development with leaf inception along a helix, which is continued into the whorled region. Then polymerous whorls develop as follows: (4) Acacia longipedunculata forms helically arranged fascicles instead of single leaves before the production of complete whorls. (5) Acacia baueri and Acacia verticillata add supernumerary leaves between a first series of helically arranged leaves. (6) Hydrothrix produces an annular bulge around the node of each first-formed leaf. All additional leaves of a whorl arise on this annular bulge. Leaf identity of whorl members cannot be defined unequivocally in whorls with asynchronous (i.e., nonsimultaneous) development, dorsoventral distribution of lateral buds, and/or fewer vascular traces than leaves per node. It is heuristically stimulating to accept structural categories (e.g., shoot, leaf, leaflet, stipule) as fuzzy concepts, as developmental pathways that may overlap to some degree, leading to developmental mosaics (intermediates). For example, the whorled leaves of Utricularia purpurea resemble whole shoots, corroborating Arber's partial-shoot theory.

show abstract

“…Hofmeister's rule is an empirical heuristic derived from the observation that new leaf primordia are formed on the vegetative apex in the largest space between the existing flanks of the older primordia (Snow and Snow 1962;Jean 1984;Wagenitz 1996). This heuristic reflects what appears to be a limiting condition for the establishment of Fibonacci and related phyllotactic patterns and forms the basis of most theories and models of phyllotaxy (Richards 1951;Rutishauser 1981;Rutishauser and Sattler 1985;Lacroix and Sattler 1988;Douady 1998;Atela et al 2002). Despite the wide applicability of this rule to studies of leaf arrangement, there have been few attempts to apply it to reproductive development (Lyndon 1978a(Lyndon , 1978bGreen 1988;Kirchoff 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Shape Matters: Hofmeister’s Rule, Primordium Shape, and Flower Orientation

Kirchoff

2003

International Journal of Plant Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hofmeister's rule is an empirical heuristic derived from the observation that new leaf primordia are formed in the largest space between the existing flanks of the older primordia. These observations have been repeatedly validated in studies of leaf arrangement, but there has been little attempt to extend them to inflorescence and floral organs. This investigation demonstrates the validity of Hofmeister's observations to cincinnus and early flower development in Phenakospermum guyannense (Strelitziaceae) and Heliconia latispatha (Heliconiaceae) and relates these results to Paul Green's work on the biophysics of organ formation. The cincinni of Phenakospermum and Heliconia arise in the axils of primary bracts and produce a prophyll, continuation apex, and flower in regular succession. The shapes and orientations of the apical regions of the cincinni are correlated with the placement of these organs, which in turn effect the positions of the sepals and their sequence of formation. The result is two rows of mirror-image flowers. The mirror-image symmetry of the flowers is a direct result of Hofmeister's rule in connection with the shape of the apical region. These two factors create a self-sustaining developmental system that produces prophylls, continuation apices, flowers, and sepals in regular succession. Although the cincinni and flowers of these species are built on a common plan, slight differences in apical shape and orientation produce differences in mature floral orientation. Understanding these orientations, and identifying the sequence of sepal formation, allows a proper identification of organ homologies. A study of Green's results and theories shows that Hofmeister's rule can be considered as an empirical condensation of the biophysical factors that influence organ position. These biophysical factors are widely applicable to organ formation in many species.

show abstract

Phyllotaxis Theories and Tepal‐stamen Superposition in Basella Rubra

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

The Phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae)

The Phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae)

Polymerous Leaf Whorls in Vascular Plants: Developmental Morphology and Fuzziness of Organ Identities

Shape Matters: Hofmeister’s Rule, Primordium Shape, and Flower Orientation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About