Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic resistance of <i>Shigella sonnei</i> isolates

Pakbin, Babak; Didban, Abdollah; Alizadeh, Mehdi

doi:10.1093/femsle/fnac042

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…S. flexneri and S. sonnei (non-Shiga-toxin producing strains) are mainly responsible for non-Dysenteriae disease (mild diarrhoea) caused by Shigella strains [5,8,16]. The pathogenesis of Shigella possesses unique and multiple well-established pathogenic mechanisms mediated by seven distinct steps, including attachment to the epithelial host cell, entry to the cell, host cell autophagy evasion, vacuole formation, vacuole rapture, intracellular life and immune response [44,45].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Non-dysenteriae Shigella Species Pat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dysenteriae is one of the four serological groups of Shigella bacteria. Type 1 of S. dysenteriae is the only bacterial strain of Shigella species considered as the clinical group of Dysenteriae Shigella species and differentiated from other species due to the production of Shiga toxins (Stxs); however, some studies recently reported the production of Stxs by S. sonnei isolated from clinical samples [8,74]. S. dysenteriae type 1 is also considered one of the leading causes of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis and is transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.…”

Section: Dysenteriae Shigella Species Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several outbreaks have occurred via the consumption of contaminated food and water sources. Shigella foodborne outbreaks are usually common when consuming foods subjected to processing by hand, exposed to a limited thermal treatment or raw foods [8]. Shigella strains have commonly been isolated from contaminated ground beef, oysters, potato salads, bean dip, raw vegetables and fish [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Pakbin

Brück²,

Brück

2023

IJMS

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Shigella species are the main cause of bacillary diarrhoea or shigellosis in humans. These organisms are the inhabitants of the human intestinal tract; however, they are one of the main concerns in public health in both developed and developing countries. In this study, we reviewed and summarised the previous studies and recent advances in molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Shigella Dysenteriae and non-Dysenteriae species. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and the presence of virulence factor encoding genes in Shigella strains, species of this bacteria are categorised into Dysenteriae and non-Dysenteriae clinical groups. Shigella species uses attachment, invasion, intracellular motility, toxin secretion and host cell interruption mechanisms, causing mild diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome diseases in humans through the expression of effector delivery systems, protein effectors, toxins, host cell immune system evasion and iron uptake genes. The investigation of these genes and molecular mechanisms can help us to develop and design new methods to detect and differentiate these organisms in food and clinical samples and determine appropriate strategies to prevent and treat the intestinal and extraintestinal infections caused by these enteric pathogens.

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Non-dysenteriae Shigella Species Pat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dysenteriae Shigella Species Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Pakbin

Brück²,

Brück

2023

IJMS

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“…Lineage III has exhibited a higher level of success in terms of its global spread, accounting for most strains present in South America, Africa, and Asia [ 13 , 14 , 62 , 63 ]. One of key characteristics of lineage III is its higher accumulation of resistances to antibiotics, a fact that is key for its global expansion [ 55 , 64 ].…”

Section: Key Aspects In the Evolution Of S Higella ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of Shigella sonnei : A highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence

Matanza,

Clements

2023

Virulence

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Shigella spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis (or bacillary dysentery), a diarrhoeal disease characterized for the bacterial invasion of gut epithelial cells. Among the 4 species included in the genus, Shigella flexneri is principally responsible for the disease in the developing world while Shigella sonnei is the main causative agent in high-income countries. Remarkably, as more countries improve their socioeconomic conditions, we observe an increase in the relative prevalence of S. sonnei . To date, the reasons behind this change in aetiology depending on economic growth are not understood. S. flexneri has been widely used as a model to study the pathogenesis of the genus, but as more research data are collected, important discrepancies with S. sonnei have come to light. In comparison to S. flexneri, S. sonnei can be differentiated in numerous aspects; it presents a characteristic O-antigen identical to that of one serogroup of the environmental bacterium Plesiomonas shigelloides , a group 4 capsule, antibacterial mechanisms to outcompete and displace gut commensal bacteria, and a poorer adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) have recognized the significant threat posed by antibiotic-resistant strains of S. sonnei , demanding new approaches. This review gathers knowledge on what is known about S. sonnei within the context of other Shigella spp. and aims to open the door for future research on understanding the increasing spread of this pathogen.

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“…Therefore, there is a strong need for the surveillance and control of these strains [ 3 , 9 ]. Examining both the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella is of utmost importance for accurately identifying appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of shigellosis, particularly given the ongoing alterations in resistance profiles [ 10 ]. Molecular typing techniques have been used with increasing frequency in studies of the epidemiology Shigella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Shigella from patients in the southern region of Iran

Shoja,

Ghasemi,

Dastranj

et al. 2023

Eur J Med Res

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Background Shigella spp., which are facultative anaerobic bacilli within the Enterobacteriaceae family, present a significant public health burden due to their role as prominent contributors to diarrheal diseases worldwide. A molecular analysis can facilitate the identification and assessment of outbreaks involving this bacterium. So, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and clonal relatedness of clinical Shigella spp. isolates obtained from patients with diarrhea in Hormozgan province, South of Iran. Methods From 2019 to 2021, a cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 448 stool samples obtained from patients who were experiencing diarrhea, in the southern region of Iran. Shigella spp. isolates were identified based on biochemical and serological tests. All Shigella species were verified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents. Subsequently, genotyping of all Shigella species was conducted using ERIC-PCR. Results Out of a total of 448 stool samples, the presence of Shigella was detected in 62 cases, accounting for a prevalence rate of 13.84%. Among the identified isolates, the majority were attributed to S. flexneri, representing 53.23% of the cases. This was followed by S. sonnei at 24.19% and S. boydii at 22.58%. Notably, no instances of S. dysenteriae were found. The highest prevalence of Shigella isolates was observed in infants and children under the age of five. A significant proportion of the identified isolates demonstrated resistance to various antibiotics. Specifically, high resistance rates were noted for ampicillin (90.78%), piperacillin–tazobactam (87.1%), cefixime (83.87%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (83.87%), cefotaxime (82.26%), and ceftriaxone (80.65%). In addition, a substantial number (87.1%) of the isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. Using the ERIC-PCR method, a total of 11 clusters and 6 distinct single types were identified among all the Shigella isolates. Conclusion A notable occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Shigella species has been noted, with multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains presenting an increasing challenge for treating shigellosis worldwide, and this includes Iran. Techniques such as ERIC-PCR are useful for assessing the genetic variation and connections between Shigella strains, which indirectly contributes to understanding antimicrobial resistance patterns. Further research is needed to explore the specific correlation between resistance genes and ERIC genotyping patterns in Shigella strains.

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Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic resistance of Shigella sonnei isolates

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Pathogenicity and virulence of Shigella sonnei : A highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence

Characterization of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Shigella from patients in the southern region of Iran

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