“…Most phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies of marine crabs use the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genetic markers (e.g., Levinton et al 1996;Sturmbauer et al 1996;Shih and Suzuki 2008;Shih et al 2009Shih et al , 2010Shih et al , 2012Davie et al 2010;Wong et al 2010Wong et al , 2011Wong et al , 2012. In addition, the mitochondrial control region marker, with highly variable and fast divergence rates (Avise 2000), has also recently been used for phylogeographic studies of crabs, e.g., Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) (Portunidae) (Cho et al 2009;Guo et al 2012), U. crassipes (Aoki and Wada 2013), Uca boninensis (Ocypodidae) (Shih et al 2013a), Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Grapsidae) (Ströher et al 2011), Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) (Sesarmidae) (Supmee et al 2012), Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Oliveira-Neto et al 2007) (Ucididae), Cardisoma guanhumi (Latreille, in Latreille, Le Peletier, Serville & Guérin, 1828, and Discoplax celeste Ng and Davie, 2012 (Gecarcinidae) (Turner et al 2013).…”