Phylogenetic Analysis of Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae) using Chloroplast DNA RFLP

Abstract

The separation of Petunia sensu Wijsman and Calibrachoa was supported by chloroplast DNA analysis. Two groups in the Calibrachoa were also recognized with a high degree of confidence.

Speciation genes in the genus Petunia

“…We have selected the solanaceous genus Petunia (2n ¼ 14) for our studies on the genetics of pollination syndromes. Petunia is native to South America and has been divided into up to 16 species, but the phylogeny of the genus has not yet been rigorously resolved (Ando et al 2005;Kulcheski et al 2006;Lorenz-Lemke et al 2006, Stehmann et al 2009). Most members of the genus present characteristics of beepollinated species (typical representatives: P. integrifolia or P. inflata).…”

Contribution of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes to identify the phylogenetic relationships among Petunia species

“…integrifolia under the latter taxa, justifying this choice with the association of several characteristics to the different environments where these plants grow. Previous evolutionary approaches (Longo et al , 2014; Reck-Kortmann et al , 2014; Ramos-Fregonezi et al , 2015) have supported the suggestions of Stehmann and Bohs (2007) and Stehmann et al (2009), but the genetic variation found in WOX genes reinforces the proposition of Ando et al (2005a,b), this indicating the need for more studies including these different morphologies.…”

“…Petunia bajeensis , a species that occurs just in lowlands, was the sister group of the highland species (Figure 1B), confirming previous findings of phylogenies based on combined nuclear and plastid markers (Reck-Kortmann et al , 2014). However, such relationships were not observed in phylogenies obtained through plastid sequence analysis (Lorenz-Lemke et al , 2010) or plastid RFLP (Ando et al , 2005a), in which P. bajeensis is placed in the lowland group of species, or those based only on nuclear sequences (Chen et al , 2007; Kriedt et al , 2014), in which P. bajeensis is placed in the highland group, with different sister species. All highland species share morphological traits with P. bajeensis , especially the stamen filaments adnated up to half of the corolla tube (Stehmann et al , 2009).…”

“…We analyzed partial sequences from 21 Petunia taxa (according to Ando et al , 2005a) and Calibrachoa parviflora (Jussieu) D’Arcy collected in southern Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay (Figure 1A and ) for the WOX genes of P. x hybrida ( PhWUS, PhWOX1/MAW, PhWOX2, PhWOX3/PRS, PhWOX4, PhEVG, and PhSOE ). The primers, designed with Primer3 0.4 (Rozen and Skaletsky, 2000) (), were 20–24 base pairs (bp) long and shared 100% homology with the P. x hybrida sequences.…”

Efecto del tipo sustrato de cultivo, la fertilización y el agua de riego en la composición mineral y el desarrollo de Petunia x hybrida Vilm.

“…Aunque Ando et al (2005) citan mecanismos de aislamiento genético en el género Petunia sensu Jussieu, en especial para la rama monofilética de C. parviflora, la certeza de los resultados necesita aún de posteriores estudios.…”