Phylogenetic analysis of the Australasian paralysis ticks and their relatives (Ixodidae: Ixodes: Sternalixodes)

Kwak, Mackenzie L.; Beveridge, Ian; Koehler, Anson V.; Malipatil, M. B.; Gasser, Robin B.; Jabbar, Abdul

doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2045-4

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The auricula in females was found at the ventral base of the capituli. This is consistent with a previous finding [16] that I. cordifer has auricula without cornua. The genital opening is located in coxa 4, while the sternal plate is oval.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The ticks collected from cuscuses from Ambon, Wetar, Romang, and Seram were morphologically examined microscopically and identified as members of the genus Ixodes through the presence of a distinct anal groove anterior of the anus. The Ixodes ticks were in the subgenus Sternalixodes [16,19]. One of the characteristics of this subgenus is the presence of a sternal plate on the ventral part of the body.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEM preparations were performed through Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory Gadjah Mada University procedures. Identification was performed based on morphological features using an identification key [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Morphological Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of cuscuses from Maluku Province, Indonesia

2021

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Background and Aim: Cuscuses are one of the endemic Indonesian marsupials, which needs to be protected and revived in terms of the numbers and range of species. Ectoparasites of ticks (Ixodidae) are one potential obstacle to cuscus conservation. Tick infestation can cause blood loss in the host, even being a predisposing factor for infection with pathogenic organisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, infestation intensity, and species of ticks present on cuscuses in Maluku Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Ticks were collected from cuscuses origin of the four regions in Maluku Province, namely the island of Ambon, Seram Island, Romang Island, and Wetar Island . Cuscuses were captured at night, with ticks being collected from them from the head to the tip of the tail. The tick samples obtained from the cuscuses were preserved, identified, and counted. Cuscuses were released back into their habitat after collecting the ticks. The obtained ticks were observed using an Olympus BX51 microscope with an Olympus DP12 digital camera and prepared for examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Infestation rate, infestation intensity, and morphology of the species were described. Results: The cuscuses were found to be infested with Ixodes cordifer ticks. Cuscuses in Maluku Province had a low tick infestation rate. The range of infestation prevalence of island origin cuscuses in Maluku was between 14.28% and 16.67%. Simultaneously, I. cordifer infestation level was mildly infested based on the intensity of thick infestation ranged from 1 to 1.2 ticks per cuscus. From observation of the tick surface structure under SEM, sexual dimorphism and various specific characteristics of the ticks were identified. Conclusion: The low infestation rate of I. cordifer ticks in cuscus was influenced by the up and down movement of the conscious activity in the tree, which allowed minimal contact with the ticks. The infestation prevalence rates on each island studied were similar. Such similarities of infestation are related to the similarity of cuscus species among Ambon, Lakor, Seram, and Romang islands, which are all included in the Phalangeridae family, and their similar habitats, behaviors, climatic conditions, and geographical areas.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of cuscuses from Maluku Province, Indonesia

2021

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“…Recently, infestation of an adult male by the hard tick Ixodes australiensis , a tick not hitherto known to bite humans, was confirmed in Australia [ 7 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Australian tick Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis inducing mammalian meat allergy after tick bite

Kwak

Somerville²,

Nunen

2018

Asia Pacific Allergy

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Tick-induced mammalian meat allergy has become an emergent allergy world-wide after van Nunen et al. first described the association between tick bites and the development of mammalian meat allergy in 2007. Cases of mammalian meat allergy have now been reported on all 6 continents where humans are bitten by ticks, in 17 countries - Australia, United States of America (USA), Europe (France, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Italy, and Norway), Asia (Korea and Japan), Central America (Panama), South America (Brazil), and Africa (South Africa and Ivory Coast). To date, in each of these countries, bites from only a single tick species have been linked to the development of mammalian meat allergy: Ixodes holocyclus (Australia), Amblyomma americanum (USA), Ixodes ricinus (Europe), and Ixodes cajennense (Panama) are confirmed as culprits, and Ixodes nipponensis (Japan and Korea), Amblyomma sculptum (Brazil), Amblyomma variegatum (Ivory Coast), and Haemaphysalis longicornis (Japan) suspected of provoking mammalian meat allergy after tick bite. Other tick species remain to be formally identified (South Africa). Identification of tick species associated with development of mammalian meat allergy is crucial to the uptake of public health measures to prevent tick bites from culprit tick species, for both individuals living in these tick-endemic areas and those who choose to visit these regions. We report a tick associated with the enhancement of mammalian meat anaphylaxis after tick bite which is novel for both Australia and the world and establishes Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis as a second tick species associated with mammalian meat allergy in Australia.

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“…Due to their large and complex genomes, whole nuclear genome data for ticks remains sparse [2] compared with insects of medical and/or veterinary importance and investigations of possible species complexes within morphologically similar tick groups have proceeded slowly. However, molecular con rmation of tick species identity using mitochondrial barcodes and phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated mitochondrial loci; or more recently, nucleotide and amino-acid datasets from whole mitogenomes, have begun to revolutionise both the taxonomic status of closely related species and the higher-level relationships between tick genera and families [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic barcode gap discovery reveals diverse clades of Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks from small mammals in 'Asir, Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi

Low

Alkathiry

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The ixodid tick genera Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis contain several species of medical and/or veterinary importance but their diversity in some regions of the world remains underexplored. For instance, very few modern studies have been performed on the taxonomy of these genera on the Arabian Peninsula.Methods: In this study, we trapped small mammals in the 'Asir Mountains of southwest Saudi Arabia and collected tick specimens for morphological examination and molecular barcoding, targeting three mitochondrial loci: coi, 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA.Results: We obtained a total of 733 ticks (608 Haemaphysalis spp. and 125 Rhipicephalus spp.) from 75 small mammal hosts belonging to six species. All tick specimens were immature except for nine adults recovered from a hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus). Morphologically, the Rhipicephalus ticks resembled Rhipicephalus camicasi but the Haemaphysalis ticks showed differences in palp morphology compared with species previously described from Saudi Arabia. Phylogenetic analysis and automatic barcode gap discovery identified a novel clade of Rhipicephalus sp. representing most of the nymphs. This was most closely related to Rhipicephalus leporis, Rhipicephalus guilhoni, and the tropical lineage of R. sanguineus. The adult ticks and a small proportion of nymphs clustered with R. camicasi sequences from a previous study. Finally, the Haemaphysalis nymphs formed two distinct clades that were clearly separated from all reference sequences but closest to some African species.Conclusions: This high level of tick diversity observed in a single study site of only ~170 km2, on a relatively small number of hosts, highlights the potential for new tick species to be discovered on the Arabian Peninsula.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the Australasian paralysis ticks and their relatives (Ixodidae: Ixodes: Sternalixodes)

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of cuscuses from Maluku Province, Indonesia

Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of cuscuses from Maluku Province, Indonesia

A novel Australian tick Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis inducing mammalian meat allergy after tick bite

Automatic barcode gap discovery reveals diverse clades of Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks from small mammals in 'Asir, Saudi Arabia

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