“…Pygmy whitefish Prosopium coulterii is a nonanadromous species with a strikingly disjunct distribution in north-central and northwestern North America ( Fig. 6A; Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1892;Myers, 1932;Wynne-Edwards, 1947;Eschmeyer and Bailey, 1955;Heard and Hartman, 1966;McCart, 1970;Lindsey and Franzin, 1972;Weisel et al, 1973;Poe et al, 1976;Bird and Roberson, 1979;Russell, 1980;Buell, 1991;Chereshnev and Skopets, 1992;Lonzarich, 1992;Mayhood, 1992;Hallock and Mongillo, 1998;Nelson and Shelast, 1998;Mathisen and Sands, 1999;Mackay, 2000;Rankin, 2004;Plumb, 2006;Zemlak and McPhail, 2006;Froese and Pauly, 2009). Pygmy whitefish typically inhabit cold, deep lakes and glacially fed rivers, most within the footprint of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets, and morphological variations among populations have been used to infer locations of Pleistocene freshwater refugia (e.g., Lindsey and Franzin, 1972).…”