Phylogenetic distribution and structural analyses of cyanobacterial glutaredoxins (Grxs)

Mondal, Soumila; Kumar, Vinod; Singh, Shailendra P.

doi:10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107141

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Their distribution differs in various systematic groups. Phylogenetic analyses of known genomes showed the occurrence of GRX classes I, II, V, and VI in cyanobacteria (usually one species contains two or three GPX genes); classes II and IV in eukaryotic algae; and classes I, II, III, and IV in land plants (Couturier et al 2009 ; Mondal et al 2020 ). GRXs catalyse thiol-disulphide redox reactions using GSH as a reductant via monothiol or dithiol mechanism depending on the enzyme type.…”

Section: Cellular Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

Nowicka

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

137

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Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.

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Section: Cellular Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

Nowicka

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

137

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“…Like ferredoxins, the evolutionary-conserved enzymes glutaredoxins (Grxs) are widely distributed in cyanobacteria [ 25 , 131 ]. Grxs use electrons provided by glutathione (GSH), or the thioredoxin reductase enzyme [ 45 , 132 ], to reduce the oxidative-stress-generated disulfides occurring between two cysteinyl-residues of either the same or two proteins, or a protein and a molecule of glutathione, which otherwise affect protein activity [ 33 , 39 ].…”

Section: Interest and Current Limitations Of Comparative Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most cyanobacteria have a glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme as Synechococcus PCC 7942, unlike both Synechocystis PCC 6803 and Synechococcus PCC 7002 [ 25 , 45 ]. Furthermore, Synechocystis PCC 6803 and Synechococcus PCC 7002 possess three glutaredoxins (Grxs) operating in tolerance to oxidative and metal stresses [ 34 , 45 , 133 , 134 , 135 ], whereas Synechococcus PCC 7942 has only two Grxs [ 25 , 131 ]. Another common feature shared by Synechocystis PCC 6803 and Synechococcus PCC 7002 is the fact that they both have an orange carotenoid protein (OCP) operating in photoprotection, whereas Synechococcus PCC 7942 has no OCP [ 207 ].…”

Section: Properties Of the Intensively Studied Unicellular Cyanobacteria Synechocystis Pcc 6803 Synechococcumentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic, Genomics, and Responses to Stresses in Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Implications

Cassier‐Chauvat

Blanc-Garin

Chauvat

2021

Genes

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Cyanobacteria are widely-diverse, environmentally crucial photosynthetic prokaryotes of great interests for basic and applied science. Work to date has focused mostly on the three non-nitrogen fixing unicellular species Synechocystis PCC 6803, Synechococcus PCC 7942, and Synechococcus PCC 7002, which have been selected for their genetic and physiological interests summarized in this review. Extensive “omics” data sets have been generated, and genome-scale models (GSM) have been developed for the rational engineering of these cyanobacteria for biotechnological purposes. We presently discuss what should be done to improve our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships of these models and generate robust and predictive models of their metabolism. Furthermore, we also emphasize that because Synechocystis PCC 6803, Synechococcus PCC 7942, and Synechococcus PCC 7002 represent only a limited part of the wide biodiversity of cyanobacteria, other species distantly related to these three models, should be studied. Finally, we highlight the need to strengthen the communication between academic researchers, who know well cyanobacteria and can engineer them for biotechnological purposes, but have a limited access to large photobioreactors, and industrial partners who attempt to use natural or engineered cyanobacteria to produce interesting chemicals at reasonable costs, but may lack knowledge on cyanobacterial physiology and metabolism.

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“…Concerning the Grx enzymes, the analysis of 503 amino acid sequences from 167 cyanobacterial species led to the identification of four Grx classes (Mondal, Kumar, & Singh, 2020). Class I and II Grxs are single module oxidoreductase while class III and IV Grxs are absent in cyanobacteria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, class VI Grxs are exclusively present in marine cyanobacteria. All four classes of cyanobacterial Grxs comprise several subgroups having variable dithiol (CxxC) and/or monothiol (Cxxx) catalytic active site motives (Mondal, Kumar, & Singh, 2020). However, class II Grxs possess the CGFS-type highly conserved monothiol catalytic active site motif (Daniel, Faruq, Laura Magdalena, Manuela, & Christopher Horst, 2020;Picciocchi, Saguez, Boussac, Cassier-Chauvat, & Chauvat, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of cyanobacteria: New insights and lessons for shaping our future—A follow-up of volume 65: Genomics of cyanobacteria

Chauvat

Cassier‐Chauvat

2021

Advances in Botanical Research

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Cyanobacteria, the only known photosynthetic prokaryotes, are ancient organisms regarded as the producers of the Earth's oxygenic atmosphere and the ancestors of plant chloroplasts. Contemporary cyanobacteria have evolved as widely-diverse organisms in colonizing most aquatic and soil biotopes, where they face various environmental challenges and competition or symbiosis with other organisms. Cyanobacteria exhibit a wide morphological diversity (unicellular/multicellular, cylindrical/spherical shapes) and many species differentiate specialized cells for growth and survival under adverse conditions. They convert captured solar energy at high efficiencies, to fix an enormous amount of carbon from CO 2 into a huge biomass that sustains a large part of the food chain, and they tolerate high CO 2 content in gas streams. They also synthesize a vast array of biologically active metabolites with great interests for human health and industries. Hence, they are viewed as promising "low-cost" cell factories for the carbon-neutral production of chemicals, thanks to their simple nutritional requirements, their metabolic robustness and plasticity, and the powerful genetics of some model strains.In 2013 when ABR vol 65 entitled "Genomics of Cyanobacteria" was published, approximately 70 cyanobacteria had their genomes fully or partially sequenced. Since then, the number has increased up to about 2000 (https:// genome.jgi.doe.gov/portal/), genome editing studies using CRISPR/Cas have been reported in several model cyanobacteria (Gale et al., 2019; ☆

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Phylogenetic distribution and structural analyses of cyanobacterial glutaredoxins (Grxs)

Cited by 16 publications

References 83 publications

Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

Genetic, Genomics, and Responses to Stresses in Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Implications

Genomics of cyanobacteria: New insights and lessons for shaping our future—A follow-up of volume 65: Genomics of cyanobacteria

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