Phylogenetic evidence that both ancient vicariance and dispersal have contributed to the biogeographic patterns of anchialine cave shrimps

Abstract

Cave shrimps from the genera Typhlatya, Stygiocaris and Typhlopatsa (Atyidae) are restricted to specialised coastal subterranean habitats or nearby freshwaters and have a highly disconnected distribution (Eastern Pacific, Caribbean, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Madagascar, Australia). The combination of a wide distribution and a limited dispersal potential suggests a large-scale process has generated this geographic pattern. Tectonic plates that fragment ancestral ranges (vicariance) has often been assumed to cause this process, with the biota as passive passengers on continental blocks. The ancestors of these cave shrimps are believed to have inhabited the ancient Tethys Sea, with three particular geological events hypothesised to have led to their isolation and divergence; (1) the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, (2) the breakup of Gondwana, and (3) the closure of the Tethys Seaway. We test the relative contribution of vicariance and dispersal in the evolutionary history of this group using mitochondrial genomes to reconstruct phylogenetic and biogeographic scenarios with fossil-based calibrations. Given that the Australia/Madagascar shrimp divergence postdates the Gondwanan breakup, our results suggest both vicariance (the Atlantic opening) and dispersal. The Tethys closure appears not to have been influential, however we hypothesise that changing marine currents had an important early influence on their biogeography.

Phylogenomics of the Hyalella amphipod species-flock of the Andean Altiplano

“…The use of mitochondrial genomes for phylogenetics in metazoans, including crustaceans, has exploded in recent years due to the advances experienced in genomic techniques 24 . Although the usefulness of mitochondrial sequences as a sole genetic marker has been questioned 25 , they are still widely used in phylogenetic inference, species delimitation or identification and, in conjunction with nuclear multilocus data, to detect mito-nuclear discrepancies derived from hybridization/introgression events 26 .…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of Neocaridina heteropoda koreana Kubo, 1938 (Decapoda: Atyidae)

“… 2012 ; Jurado-Rivera et al. 2017 ) was also found ( Figure 1 ). Neocaridina heteropoda koreana mitochondrial genome will be utilized to investigate phylogenetic relationships of Neocaridina species.…”

“…Phylogenetic trees show congruent relationship with (i) placement of Neocaridina within polyphyletic genus Caridina, (ii) polyphyly of genus Typhlatya, and (iii) Typhlatya galapagensis grouping with Halocaridina. However, incongruency of (i) placement of genus Halocaridinides and (ii) phylogenetic relationship among the subfamilies (von Rintelen et al 2012;Jurado-Rivera et al 2017) was also found (Figure 1). Neocaridina heteropoda koreana mitochondrial genome will be utilized to investigate phylogenetic relationships of Neocaridina species.…”

A new stygobiont species of Halocaridinides Fujino & Shokita, 1975 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) from caves on Socotra Island (Yemen), with notes on the genus

“…He suggested that hypogeal shrimps could have widespread and probably longstanding populations in submerged as well as emergent rock of the tropical Indo-Pacific that are difficult to sample and thus remain largely unrecorded. However, the current disjunctions observed in the Atyidae are not straightforward and may actually derive from a mixture of both ancient vicariance and recent dispersal (Jurado-Rivera et al 2017, Page et al 2014, Weese et al 2013. In Halocaridinides, the number of localities currently known (Fig.…”