Phylogenetic Place of Microsporidia in the Tree of Eukaryotes

Keeling, Patrick J.

doi:10.1002/9781118395264.ch5

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The Cryptomycota appear to branch at the base of the Fungi and contain the Microsporidia as well as the aforementioned aphelids and Mitosporidium . Discovery of the group is clarifying relationships between the Microsporidia, parasites with intermediate characteristics (such as Mitosporidium ), and all other eukaryotes, at the same time revealing how their peculiar infection machinery likely evolved [25]. …”

Section: Microsporidia – What Are They and Where Did They Come From?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain

Stentiford

Becnel

Weiss

et al. 2016

Trends in Parasitology

261

190

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Intensification of food production has the potential to drive increased disease prevalence in food plants and animals. Microsporidia are diversely distributed, opportunistic, and density-dependent parasites infecting hosts from almost all known animal taxa. They are frequent in highly managed aquatic and terrestrial hosts, many of which are vulnerable to epizootics, and all of which are crucial for the stability of the animal–human food chain. Mass rearing and changes in global climate may exacerbate disease and more efficient transmission of parasites in stressed or immune-deficient hosts. Further, human microsporidiosis appears to be adventitious and primarily associated with an increasing community of immune-deficient individuals. Taken together, strong evidence exists for an increasing prevalence of microsporidiosis in animals and humans, and for sharing of pathogens across hosts and biomes.

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Section: Microsporidia – What Are They and Where Did They Come From?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain

Stentiford

Becnel

Weiss

et al. 2016

Trends in Parasitology

261

190

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“…Microsporidia are widely distributed in nature and there are over 200 genera and 1400 species which have been characterized (Cali et al, 2017). Phylogenetic analysis of microsporidia have demonstrated that they are related to the Fungi, either as a basal branch of the Fungi or as a sister group (Weiss et al, 1998;Lee et al, 2008;Capella-Gutiérrez et al, 2012), and that they are most likely related to the Cryptomycota (Corsaro et al, 2014;Keeling, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion of Host Cells by Microsporidia

2020

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Microsporidia are found worldwide and both vertebrates and invertebrates can serve as hosts for these organisms. While microsporidiosis in humans can occur in both immune competent and immune compromised hosts, it has most often been seen in the immune suppressed population, e.g., patients with advanced HIV infection, patients who have had organ transplantation, those undergoing chemotherapy, or patients using other immune suppressive agents. Infection can be associated with either focal infection in a specific organ (e.g., keratoconjunctivitis, cerebritis, or hepatitis) or with disseminated disease. The most common presentation of microsporidiosis being gastrointestinal infection with chronic diarrhea and wasting syndrome. In the setting of advanced HIV infection or other cases of profound immune deficiency microsporidiosis can be extremely debilitating and carries a significant mortality risk. Microsporidia are transmitted as spores which invade host cells by a specialized invasion apparatus the polar tube (PT). This review summarizes recent studies that have provided information on the composition of the spore wall and PT, as well as insights into the mechanism of invasion and interaction of the PT and spore wall with host cells during infection.

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“…Microsporidia are a group of common unicellular parasites of insects, fish and mammals which disperse via spores (Capella-Gutiérrez et al, 2012;Katinka et al, 2001;Keeling, 2014;Metenier and Vivares, 2001) and have a relatively simple life cycle, consisting of three primary developmental stages: an infective or spore-phase, an intracellular proliferative phase, and a spore-forming phase (Cali and Takvorian, 2014). Being obligate intracellular parasites, microsporidia generally proliferate by exploiting the apoptotic mechanisms of host cells (Martin-Hernandez et al, 2017), causing histological tissue degeneration and, ultimately, host mortality (Dussaubat et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%