Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Divergence Time Estimation of Blumea DC. (Asteraceae: Inuleae) in China Based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F Sequences

Abstract

The genus Blumea is one of the most economically important genera of Inuleae (Asteraceae) in China. It is particularly diverse in South China, where 30 species are found, more than half of which are used as herbal medicines or in the chemical industry. However, little is known regarding the phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution of this genus in China. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) trnL-F sequences to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship and estimate the divergence time of Blumea in China. The results indicated that the genus Blumea is monophyletic and it could be divided into two clades that differ with respect to the habitat, morphology, chromosome type, and chemical composition of their members. The divergence time of Blumea was estimated based on the two root times of Asteraceae. The results indicated that the root age of Asteraceae of 76–66 Ma may maintain relatively accurate divergence time estimation for Blumea, and Blumea might had diverged around 49.00–18.43 Ma. This common ancestor had an explosive expansion during the Oligocene and Miocene and two major clades were differentiated during these epochs 29.60 Ma (17.76–45.23 Ma 95% HPD (Highest Posterior Density). Evidence from paleogeography and paleoclimate studies has confirmed that Blumea experienced differentiation and an explosive expansion during the Oligocene and Miocene.

Comparative plastome analysis of Blumea, with implications for genome evolution and phylogeny of Asteroideae

“…are included (Pornpongrungrueng et al, 2007(Pornpongrungrueng et al, , 2009. The genus is divided into three clades by inferring phylogeny using plastid markers (trnL-F and trnH-psbA), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and the 5S-NTS (nontranscribed spacer) (Pornpongrungrueng et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2019). Certain discrepancies still exist at the intra-genus level, and several relationships are unresolved at the species level (Chen et al, 2009).…”

“…Members of the genus have ecological and economic value (Zhang et al, 2019). Most of the species of the genus Blumea are enriched with flavonoids, terpenes, acetylenic thiophenes, triterpenoids, sterols, and essential oils (Chen et al, 2009;Pang et al, 2014).…”

“…The species are distributed throughout the Old World tropics (Pornpongrungrueng et al., 2009) and are most diverse in Australia, Africa, and Asia (Pornpongrungrueng et al., 2016). Members of the genus have ecological and economic value (Zhang et al., 2019). Most of the species of the genus Blumea are enriched with flavonoids, terpenes, acetylenic thiophenes, triterpenoids, sterols, and essential oils (Chen et al., 2009; Pang et al., 2014).…”

Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Extract Isolated from Clove Leaf (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

“…Furthermore, the 16s rRNA gene sequence of WDY6 isolate was registered to the Genbank NCBI database as Staphylococcus epidermidis. This supported by the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees to determine the relationship between species (Zhang et al, 2019). Bacterial sequence alignment with several other bacterial sequences taken from the NCBI GenBank database is done using clustal X2.…”

Exploring evolution characteristic between cultivated tea and its wild relatives using complete chloroplast genomes

“…The alignments were used for phylogenetic analysis. According to the method described by Xie et al [53] and Zhang et al [54], we used four methods to construct phylogenetic trees, that were the NJ method, the MP method, the BI method and the ML method. Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica were selected as the outgroup.…”