Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)

Cophylogenetic relationships betweenDactylogyrus(Monogenea) ectoparasites and endemic cyprinoids of the north‐eastern European peri‐Mediterranean region

“…The phylogenetic reconstruction of the north‐eastern peri‐Mediterranean leuciscids obtained in this study is in general agreement with the molecular phylogenies proposed by Perea et al () and Schönhuth et al (). Observed differences in the resulting generic phylogenies are most probably due to different taxon sampling, limited in the case of our study to the Balkan and Apennine representatives, and in comparison with Schönhuth et al () also in different markers used (multilocus study). Basically, all genera were resolved in our study as monophyletic, with exception of Chondrostoma , which in our study include Protochondrostoma .…”

“…Both BI and ML analyses yielded trees with congruent topologies and therefore, only phylogram resulting from BI was used for subsequent analyses (Figure ). In general, phylogenetic relationships between the respective leuciscid clades (genera) were in congruence with the molecular phylogenies proposed by Perea et al () and Schönhuth et al () (e.g., Telestes formed well‐supported monophyletic group with Phoxinellus Heckel, 1843 and Chondrostoma s.l. Agassiz, 1832; Delminichthys Freyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra & Ludwig, 2006 and Pelasgus Kottelat & Freyhof, formed well‐supported group, and Phoxinus Rafinesque, 1820 clade displayed a sister position to other leuciscids).…”

“…On the basis of the shape and size of sclerotized elements of the haptor and copulatory organs, these three potentially new species greatly resemble D. nanus and D. suecicus, belonging together with D. rutili to the clade which is sister to the clade including three new Dactylogyrus species parasitizing Telestes . Dactylogyrus nanus , D. rutili and D. suecicus are common parasites of Rutilus , the leuciscid species which is phylogenetically related to Telestes (Perea et al, ; Schönhuth et al, , and also supported by our results, see below).…”

“…in the Apennines), is in fact a species complex. Our results also suggest that D. caucasicus evolved from D. ergensi by host switching to the phylogenetically distant Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861 species (Perea et al, ; Schönhuth et al, ), moreover both of these Dactylogyrus species have a similar shape with respect to the male copulatory organs (Pugachev et al, ).…”

“…In addition, Dactylogyrus currently represents the platyhelminth genus with the highest species diversity (more than 900 described species according to Gibson et al, ), certainly largely underestimated as new species have recently been described (Aydogdu, Molnár, Emre, & Emre, ; Benovics, Kičinjaová, & Šimková, ; Nitta & Nagasawa, ; Rahmouni, Řehulková, Pariselle, Rkhami, & Šimková, ). This high species richness in Dactylogyrus is associated with their narrow host specificity towards a single host species or closely related species, and with a high diversity of their host species—primarily freshwater fish of Cyprinoidea (considering recent phylogenetic studies, for example Schönhuth, Vukić, Šanda, Yang, & Mayden, ). Previous studies have suggested that each host species harbours at least one Dactylogyrus species (Dupont & Lambert, ; Galli, Stefani, Zaccara, & Crosa, ; Gibson et al, ; Moravec, ).…”