Phylogenetic relationships between Old World Leishmania strains revealed by analysis of a repetitive DNA sequence

Piarroux, Renaud; Fontés, Michel; Perasso, Roland; Gambarelli, F.; Joblet, Christine; Dumon, H.; Quilici, M

doi:10.1016/0166-6851(95)00097-k

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…38 Amplification of genomic Leishmania DNA providing an amplification product from a repetitive nucleotide sequence of the parasite with an approximate size of 260 base pair (bp) was performed by using previously described forward (5Ј-CGGCTTCGCACCATGCGGTG-3Ј) and reverse (5Ј-ACATCCCTGCCCACATACGC-3Ј) primers. 27 The PCR for amplification of a 162-bp canine ␣-actin sequence included forward primer ␣-ac1 (5Ј-GAGAC-CACCTACAACAGCATCATG-3Ј) and reverse primer ␣-ac2 (5Ј-CACCTTGATCTTCATGGTGCTGGG-3Ј). 25 Quantitative PCR tests were performed in duplicates and were done with 4 l of 1 : 10 diluted DNA using the Quanti Tect SYBR Green PCR Kit (Qiagen, Basle, Switzerland) in a 10 l standard reaction containing a 0.5 M concentration of forward and reverse primers (Invitrogen, Basle, Switzerland).…”

Section: Histopathologic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Naturally Infected Dogs is Associated with a T Helper-2-biased Immune Response

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Skin lesions are a frequent manifestation of Leishmania infantum infections in Mediterranean countries. This study demonstrates by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction the local cytokine response in skin biopsies from Leishmania-infected dogs (n ϭ 10). As controls, we investigated skin biopsies from healthy (n ϭ 10) and fleabite hypersensitive dogs (n ϭ 10). We established a quantitative PCR to determine the parasite burden in biopsies. The objective was to elucidate whether a correlation exists between parasite number, histologic response, and T helper-1 (TH1)/T helper-2 (TH2) cytokine expression in lesional skin of naturally infected dogs. In Leishmania-infected dogs, interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF-␣) and interferon-␥ (IFN-␥) messenger RNA production was significantly higher than controls. Furthermore, dogs with a high Leishmania burden had a significantly higher IL-4 expression, whereas no difference was noted with regard to expression of other cytokines. By comparing the pattern of inflammation and cytokine expression, a clear trend became evident in that levels of IL-4, TNF-␣, and IFN-␥ were elevated in biopsies with a periadnexal nodular pattern and in biopsies where the severity of the periadnexal infiltrate was equal to the perivascular to interstitial infiltrate. Expression of IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-␣ was slightly increased in biopsies where plasma cells prevailed on lymphocytes, whereas expression of IFN-␥ was moderately higher when lymphocytes were predominating. In summary, the present study demonstrates that the local immune response in naturally occurring leishmaniasis includes TH1 as well as TH2 cytokine subsets. Furthermore, respective data suggest that increased expression of the TH2-type cytokine IL-4 is associated with both severe clinical signs and a high parasite burden in the skin lesions.

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Section: Histopathologic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Naturally Infected Dogs is Associated with a T Helper-2-biased Immune Response

et al. 2005

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“…To overcome these problems, DNA-based methods have been widely used for Leishmania spp. identification and/or phylogenetic reconstruction with a variety of targets such as proteincoding genes, non-coding segments, microsatellites, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (e.g., Piarroux et al 1995;Noyes et al 1997;El Tai et al 2001;Ibrahim and Barker 2001;Kuhls et al 2005;Asato et al 2009;Montalvo et al 2010). Notably, Lukeš et al (2007) went a long way to resolving the issues for the Leishmania donovani complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species discrimination and phylogenetic inference of 17 Chinese Leishmania isolates based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences

Yang

Guo

et al. 2010

Parasitol Res

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Leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread disease, caused by protozoan flagellates of the genus Leishmania. This disease still remains endemic in China, especially in the west and northwest frontier regions. To date, the phylogenetic relationships among Chinese Leishmania isolates are still unclear, and the possible taxonomic diversity remains to be established. In this study, the ITS1-5.8S fragments of ten isolates collected from different foci in China were determined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships among them, seven sequences of Chinese Leishmania isolates retrieved from GenBank were also included. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses reveal an unexpected but strongly supported clade comprising eight newly determined isolates, which is sister to other members of subgenus Leishmania. In combination with genetic distance analysis, this provides evidence of the occurrence of an undescribed species of Leishmania. Our results also suggest that (1) the isolate IPHL

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“…Meanwhile, DNA-based analyses have been widely used for Leishmania spp. identification and phylogenetic inference with various targets such as kDNA genes, introns, and nuclear genes (e.g., Piarroux et al 1995;Noyes et al 1997;El Tai et al 2001;Ibrahim and Barker 2001;Fraga et al 2010). Notably, Lukeš et al (2007) went a long way to resolving the issues for the Leishmania donovani complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Leishmania isolates reexamined using kinetoplast cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences

et al. 2011

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Leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and transmitted by certain species of sand fly. This disease still remains endemic in China, especially in the west and northwest frontier regions. A recent ITS1 phylogeny of Chinese Leishmania isolates has challenged some aspects for their traditional taxonomy and cladistic hypotheses of their phylogeny. However, disagreement with respect to relationships within Chinese Leishmania isolates highlights the need for additional data and analyses. Here, we test the phylogenetic relationships among Chinese isolates and their relatives by analyzing kinetoplast cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene sequences, including 14 Chinese isolates and three isolates from other countries plus 17 sequences retrieved from GenBank. The COII gene might have experienced little substitution saturation, and its evolutionary process was likely to have been stationary, reversible, and homogeneous. Both neighbor-joining and Bayesian analyses reveal a moderately supported group comprising ten newly determined isolates, which is closely related to Leishmania tarentolae and Endotrypanum monterogeii. In combination with genetic distance analysis as well as Bayesian hypothesis testing, this further corroborates the occurrence of an undescribed species of Leishmania. Our results also suggest that (1) isolate MHOM/CN/93/GS7 and isolate IPHL/CN/77/XJ771 are Leishmania donovani; (2) isolate MHOM/CN/84/JS1 is Leishmania tropica; (3) the status referring to an isolate MRHO/CN/62/GS-GER20 from a great gerbil in Gansu, China, as Leishmania gerbilli, formerly based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, is recognized; and (4) E. monterogeii is nested within the genus Leishmania, resulting in a paraphyletic Leishmania. In addition, the results of this study enrich our understanding of the heterogeneity and relationships of Chinese Leishmania isolates.

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Phylogenetic relationships between Old World Leishmania strains revealed by analysis of a repetitive DNA sequence

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Naturally Infected Dogs is Associated with a T Helper-2-biased Immune Response

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Naturally Infected Dogs is Associated with a T Helper-2-biased Immune Response

Species discrimination and phylogenetic inference of 17 Chinese Leishmania isolates based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences

Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Leishmania isolates reexamined using kinetoplast cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences

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