Phylogenetic relationships of non-mitochondrial nucleotide transport proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes

Linka, Nicole; Hurka, Herbert; Lang, B. Franz; Burger, Gertraud; Winkler, Herbert H.; Stamme, Claudia; Urbany, Claude; Seil, Inka; Kusch, Jürgen; Neuhaus, H. Ekkehard

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00429-3

Cited by 78 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Related proteins, most likely residing in the endomembrane system can be identified in all characterized eukaryotic genomes (Knappe et al, 2003) but not in prokaryotes. This is in stark contrast to the non-mitochondrial adenylate translocator family, which can be found only plants, prokaryotic obligate intracellular parasites, and in the obligate intracellular parasitic fungus Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Linka et al, 2003).…”

Section: Solute Transporters In G Sulphurariamentioning

confidence: 77%

EST-analysis of the thermo-acidophilic red microalga Galdieriasulphuraria reveals potential for lipid A biosynthesis and unveils the pathway of carbon export from rhodoplasts

et al. 2004

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When we think of extremophiles, organisms adapted to extreme environments, prokaryotes come to mind first. However, the unicellular red micro-alga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiales) is a eukaryote that can represent up to 90% of the biomass in extreme habitats such as hot sulfur springs with pH values of 0-4 and temperatures of up to 56°C. This red alga thrives autotrophically as well as heterotrophically on more than 50 different carbon sources, including a number of rare sugars and sugar alcohols. This biochemical versatility suggests a large repertoire of metabolic enzymes, rivaled by few organisms and a potentially rich source of thermo-stable enzymes for biotechnology. The temperatures under which this organism carries out photosynthesis are at the high end of the range for this process, making G. sulphuraria a valuable model for physical studies on the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, the gene sequences of this living fossil reveal much about the evolution of modern eukaryotes. Finally, the alga tolerates high concentrations of toxic metal ions such as cadmium, mercury, aluminum, and nickel, suggesting potential application in bioremediation. To begin to explore the unique biology of G. sulphuraria, 5270 expressed sequence tags from two different cDNA libraries have been sequenced and annotated. Particular emphasis has been placed on the reconstruction of metabolic pathways present in this organism. For example, we provide evidence for (i) a complete pathway for lipid A biosynthesis; (ii) export of triose-phosphates from rhodoplasts; (iii) and absence of eukaryotic hexokinases. Sequence data and additional information are available at http://genomics.msu.edu/galdieria.

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Section: Solute Transporters In G Sulphurariamentioning

confidence: 77%

EST-analysis of the thermo-acidophilic red microalga Galdieriasulphuraria reveals potential for lipid A biosynthesis and unveils the pathway of carbon export from rhodoplasts

et al. 2004

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“…Nucleotide import measurements on Escherichia coli cells synthesizing the recombinant carriers are a suitable and frequently-used method to determine the substrate spectra and transport modes of NTTs (10)(11)(12)(13)(16)(17)(18)(19). Uptake studies with ␣ 32 P-labeled nucleotides revealed that the recombinant diatom transporters NTT1 and NTT2 mediated a time-dependent nucleotide import (Fig.…”

Section: Diatom Ntts Exhibit a Broader Substrate Spectrum Than Atp/adpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This analysis revealed that diatom NTT1 sequences resemble ATP/ADP transporters, particularly the one from the red alga Galdieria sulfuraria (TpNTT1 61%, PtNTT1 63% amino acid sequence similarity) (Table S3) (11). Accordingly, diatom NTT1 proteins most likely facilitate ATP/ADP exchange to provide energy to the plastid.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…In search for possible candidate nucleotide importers, we identified an unexpected high number of genes encoding putative NTTs, 8 in T. pseudonana (TpNTT1-8) and 6 in P. tricornutum (PtNTT1-6) (Tables S2-S4). This finding was surprising in so far as red algae and the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana possess only 1 and 2 (ATP/ADP exchanging) NTTs, respectively (11). However, some intracellular bacteria use up to 5 different NTTs for energy import and net uptake of various nucleotides (12,13,16).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…When photosynthetic ATP production is missing, energy has to be supplied to the organelle. The required energy provision is mediated by plastidial nucleotide transporters (NTTs), which catalyze a highly-specific ATP import in counter exchange with ADP (10,11). These plastidial ATP/ADP transporters are structurally and phylogenetically different from MCF-type carriers but related to functionally heterogeneous NTTs from obligate intracellular bacteria (11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diatom plastids depend on nucleotide import from the cytosol

Ast¹,

Gruber

Schmitz‐Esser

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

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Diatoms are ecologically important algae that acquired their plastids by secondary endosymbiosis, resulting in a more complex cell structure and an altered distribution of metabolic pathways when compared with organisms with primary plastids. Diatom plastids are surrounded by 4 membranes; the outermost membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Genome analyses suggest that nucleotide biosynthesis is, in contrast to higher plants, not located in the plastid, but in the cytosol. As a consequence, nucleotides have to be imported into the organelle. However, the mechanism of nucleotide entry into the complex plastid is unknown. We identified a high number of putative nucleotide transporters (NTTs) in the diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum and characterized the first 2 isoforms (NTT1 and NTT2). GFP-based localization studies revealed that both investigated NTTs are targeted to the plastid membranes, and that NTT1 most likely enters the innermost plastid envelope via the stroma. Heterologously expressed NTT1 acts as a proton-dependent adenine nucleotide importer, whereas NTT2 facilitates the counter exchange of (deoxy-)nucleoside triphosphates. Therefore, these transporters functionally resemble NTTs from obligate intracellular bacteria with an impaired nucleotide metabolism rather than ATP/ADP exchanging NTTs from primary plastids. We suggest that diatoms harbor a specifically-adapted nucleotide transport system and that NTTs are the key players in nucleotide supply to the complex plastid.chloroplast ͉ complex plastids ͉ nucleotide synthesis ͉ nucleotide transport

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Towards an Understanding of the Killer Trait: Caedibacter endocytobionts in Paramecium

Kusch

Görtz

2005

Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology

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Phylogenetic relationships of non-mitochondrial nucleotide transport proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes

Cited by 78 publications

References 24 publications

EST-analysis of the thermo-acidophilic red microalga Galdieriasulphuraria reveals potential for lipid A biosynthesis and unveils the pathway of carbon export from rhodoplasts

EST-analysis of the thermo-acidophilic red microalga Galdieriasulphuraria reveals potential for lipid A biosynthesis and unveils the pathway of carbon export from rhodoplasts

Diatom plastids depend on nucleotide import from the cytosol

Towards an Understanding of the Killer Trait: Caedibacter endocytobionts in Paramecium

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