Phylogenetic relationships of rotifers, as derived from photoreceptor morphology and other ultrastructural analyses

Cl�ment, Pierre

doi:10.1007/bf00019432

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The rotifer eyespot, cerebral eye consists of two types of pigment-bearing cells: one epithelial cell cup containing accessory pigment and one or more sensory neurons (sensory pigments) with membranous structure (Cornillac et al, 1983). These pigments i.e., accessory and sensory pigments have the following function: to perceive the direction of light and to elicit any responses, respectively (Clément, 1980;Clément et al, 1983;Cornillac et al, 1983). Due to the synergistic action of these two pigments, the rotifers show light wavelength and intensitydependent phototaxis (Clément et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the synergistic action of these two pigments, the rotifers show light wavelength and intensitydependent phototaxis (Clément et al, 1983). Red pigments (accessory pigments, Clément, 1980) are expected to consist of rhodopsin similar to other invertebrates (Wolken, 1971;Clément, 1980). Rhodopsin is composed of opsin protein covalently linked to 11-cis-retinal which is a derivate of vitamin A (Palczewski et al, 2000;Zhong et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional effects on the visual system of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis sensu stricto (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Kim

Sawada

Rhee

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Rotifers have a light sensor called "eyespot" which is expected to be composed of rhodopsin. Based on the molecular feature of rhodopsin as regenerated with 11-cis-retinal, we hypothesized that phototactic behavior should be affected by the nutritional level of food; especially vitamin A availability. This study intended to address the following questions on the nutritional effects of using baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Nannochloropsis oculata: how does diet affect the pigmented area and absorbance of the eyespot, and how do these changes characterize phototactic behavior and population growth in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus plicatilis sensu stricto. The pigmented area of the eyespot decreased to 14.7 μm 2 with baker's yeast while it was maintained at the initial size of 82.9 μm 2 with N. oculata. Maximum absorbance of the eyespot was observed at a range of 470 to 525 nm in the initial rotifers and it was not significantly changed with diet type and culture day. The value of the maximum absorbance was maintained with N. oculata, while it rapidly decreased on day 10 with baker's yeast. Stronger positive phototaxis with N. oculata was observed under lower light intensity (0.1 and 0.5 W m-2) at 470 nm. On the other hand, phototaxis with baker's yeast became weak and no phototactic reactions were observed under the same lighting condition. From the genomic DNA database of rotifers, 12 putative opsin-relevant genes were identified. These results corroborate the hypothesis that rhodopsin is the visual pigment in the rotifer eyespot. Lack of vitamin A with baker's yeast should induce reduction of the pigmented area and the sensitivity of the rotifer eyespot resulting in weak phototaxis. The population growth of rotifers showed different patterns related to the food type and light intensity. The lowest population growth (0.33-0.37 day-1) was shown with baker's yeast diet at 0.5 W m-2. This phenomenon may be significantly related to malnutrition on baker's yeast which is deficient not only in vitamin A but also fatty 3 acids, vitamin B12 and its derivatives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional effects on the visual system of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis sensu stricto (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Kim

Sawada

Rhee

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…). Previous studies of rotifer eyespots mainly employed the freshwater rotifer B. calyciflorus . Using methods comparable to ours, those studies reported eyespot absorption patterns in the range of 400–540 nm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Previous studies of rotifer phototaxis employed the freshwater species Brachionus calyciflorus . That work reported different patterns of phototaxis that varied with light wavelength and intensity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Locomotor reactions of rotifers to qualitative or quantitative variations in light conditions can be classified into two categories: oriented reactions (phototaxis) that can be positive or negative, and non‐oriented reactions (photokinesis) that are subdivided into orthokinesis (modification of linear speed) and klinokinesis (modification of the rate of change of direction, ). The rotifer photo‐sensor (eyespot) consists of two pigments, an accessory pigment provides an orientation response and a sensory pigment elicits other responses . Through the joint action of these two pigments, rotifers can determine the direction, as well as light wavelength and intensity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis species complex under different light wavelengths and intensities

Kim

Sawada

Hagiwara

2014

Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol.

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We investigated the influence of light on phototactic behavior and reproduction in two species of rotifer from the Brachionus plicatilis species complex (B. plicatilis sensu stricto (s. s.) and Brachionus manjavacas). This was done to understand how light effects these species so that we might use this knowledge to establish a more efficient aquaculture protocol. We used four different light wavelengths (white, with peaks at 460 and 570 nm; blue at 470 nm; green at 525 nm; and red at 660 nm) and four intensities (i.e., 0.5-30.0 W/m 2 ). Using microspectrophotometry we determined that eyespots of these two Brachionus species absorbed blue and green light 5.5 times more than red light. B. plicatilis s. s. showed positive phototaxis under white, blue, and green light at lower light intensities, but no phototaxis under red light at all intensities (0.5, 6.2, 15.0, and 30.0 W/m 2 ). Similar patterns of phototaxis were observed in B. manjavacas and did not differ among mictic, amictic females, and male rotifers. Population growth rate of B. plicatilis s. s. under dark condition was 1.1-1.2 times higher than that under white light condition. No significant differences were observed in population growth rate at 3.8 and 6.2 W/m 2 at all light wavelengths. On the other hand, population growth rates at 0.5 and 1.6 W/m 2 were the lowest under blue light. According to these results, both wavelength and intensity of light affect the population growth of rotifers, which in turn may be influenced by the rotifers' wavelength-dependent phototaxis.

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Ultrastructural investigations of presumed photoreceptive organs in two Saccocirrus species (polychaeta, saccocirridae)

Purschke

1992

Journal of Morphology

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In addition to the pigmented ocelli, four different types of photoreceptor-like organs without shading pigment have been found in Saccocirrus papillocercus and S. krusadensis. The sensory cells of these presumed ocelli are either ciliary or rhabdomeric with ciliary rudiments. With the exception of the multicellular type-2 ocelli they are bicellular consisting of a sensory cell and a supportive cell. In each ocellus the supportive cell forms a thin cup-shaped envelope around the sensory elements. In the type-2 ocellus, 7 supportive cells form an ovoid cavity leaving openings through which dendritic processes of an equal number of sensory cells enter the cavity. The pigmented ocelli possess an ocellar cavity communicating with the exterior through a pore in the eyecup, ciliary rudiments in both sensory and supportive cell, and additional non-photoreceptive sensory cells in the opening of the eyecup. The sensory organs show characteristic differences between the two species, such as presence or absence of a particular type of ocellus (type 2 is absent in S. krusadensis, type 3 in S. papillocercus), number of cilia in type-4 ocelli, density of microvilli, number of non-photoreceptive sensory cells in the pore of the pigmented ocellus, etc. These differences provide important characters which can be used for discrimination either of species or of subgeneric taxa in Saccocirrus. The phylogenetic significance of the different photoreceptive organs is discussed.

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Phylogenetic relationships of rotifers, as derived from photoreceptor morphology and other ultrastructural analyses

Cited by 51 publications

References 50 publications

Nutritional effects on the visual system of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis sensu stricto (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Nutritional effects on the visual system of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis sensu stricto (Rotifera: Monogononta)

Behavior and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis species complex under different light wavelengths and intensities

Ultrastructural investigations of presumed photoreceptive organs in two Saccocirrus species (polychaeta, saccocirridae)

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