Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Proctoporus Sensu Stricto (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), With a New Species From Puno, Southeastern Peru

Doan, Tiffany M.; Castoe, Todd A.; Arriaga, Wiilfredo Arizabal

doi:10.1655/04-81.1

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Yet another genus in which between-species relationships have proven difficult to infer is Proctoporus (Doan 2003; Doan et al 2005; Torres-Carvajal et al 2016), and this study supports this notion (but see Goicoechea et al 2012). These semi-fossorial lizards inhabit primarily montane forests between 1000 m and 4000 m of altitude from central Peru to central Bolivia (Uzzell 1970; Goicoechea et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…3). They are either morphologically disparate from existing taxa, represent unique genetic lineages or have been delimited as candidate species (this study; Doan et al 2005; Goicoechea et al 2012; Torres-Carvajal et al 2016; Sánchez-Pacheco et al 2017b) and their systematics and taxonomy should be revised. The presence of so many unidentified species points at the disturbing fact of how little we know about the real diversity of cercosaurine lizards and, perhaps, Neotropical biota in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, basically every new phylogenetic study published to date brought evidence for cryptic species being present (Goicoechea et al 2012; Torres-Carvajal et al 2015, 2016; Sánchez-Pacheco et al 2017b). The amount of overall cryptic diversity within all cercosaurines is not straightforward to gauge because most previous phylogenies had a narrow focus on particular genera (Doan et al 2005; Goicoechea et al 2012; Torres-Carvajal and Mafla-Endara 2013; Aguirre-Peñafiel et al 2014) or regions (Kok et al 2012), or had species represented by a single sample (Pellegrino et al 2001b; Kok 2015). The most comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of higher clades were published recently by Torres-Carvajal et al (2015, 2016), Goicoechea et al (2016), and Sánchez-Pacheco et al (2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests

Moravec

Šmı́d

Štundl

et al. 2018

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Cercosaurine lizards (subfamily Cercosaurinae of the family Gymnophthalmidae) represent a substantial component of the reptile fauna in the Neotropics. Several attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within this group, but most studies focused on particular genera or regions and did not cover the subfamily as a whole. In this study, material from the montane forests of Peru was newly sequenced. In combination with all cercosaurine sequences available on GenBank, an updated phylogeny of Cercosaurinae is provided. Monophyly was not supported for three of the currently recognised genera (Echinosaura, Oreosaurus, and Proctoporus). The genus Proctoporus is formed by five monophyletic groups, which should be used in future taxonomic revisions as feasible entities. Recognition of two previously identified undescribed clades (Unnamed clades 2 and 3) was supported and yet another undescribed clade (termed here Unnamed clade 4), which deserves recognition as an independent genus, was identified herein. Selvasaura brava, a new genus and new species of arboreal gymnophthalmid lizard is described from the montane forests of the Pui Pui Protected Forest, Provincia de Chanchamayo, Región Junín, Peru. The new species is characterised by its small size (SVL 42.1–45.9 mm), slender body, smooth head shields, presence of paired prefrontal shields, fused anteriormost supraocular and anteriormost superciliary shields, transparent not divided lower palpebral disc, slightly rugose subimbricate rectangular dorsal scales in adults (slightly keeled in juveniles), distinctly smaller but non-granular lateral scales, smooth squared to rectangular ventral scales, and hemipenial lobes large, distinct from the hemipenial body. Phylogenetic affinities of the new genus to the other cercosaurine genera, as well as basal phylogenetic relationships between the other cercosaurine genera remain unresolved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests

Moravec

Šmı́d

Štundl

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, Castoe et al . (2004) demonstrated that ‘ Proctoporus’ as conceived by Doan (2003) was not monophyletic, and the name Proctoporus was suggested for a clade restricted to the Andes of central and southern Peru and Bolivia (Doan & Castoe 2003, 2005; Doan et al . 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and biogeography of a large radiation of Andean lizards (Iguania, Stenocercus)

Torres‐Carvajal¹

2007

Zoologica Scripta

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With 61 species occurring mostly in the Andes and adjacent lowland areas, Stenocercus lizards represent one of the most widespread and well‐represented Andean vertebrate groups. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Stenocercus are inferred using different datasets based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data of 35 species and morphological data of 59 species. Among morphological data, polymorphic and meristic/morphometric characters are coded under the frequency parsimony and gap‐weighting methods, respectively, and the accuracy of these methods is tested. When both types of characters are included, the resulting tree topology is more similar to the topologies obtained from analyses of DNA sequence data than those topologies obtained after exclusion of one or both types of characters. The phylogenetic hypotheses inferred including 59 species of Stenocercus (dataset 1) and excluding those species for which DNA data were not available (dataset 2) are generally congruent with each other, as well as with previously published hypotheses. The most parsimonious tree obtained from analysis of dataset 2 is used in a dispersal‐vicariance analysis to infer ancestral areas and major biogeographical events. Species of Stenocercus are divided into two major clades. Clade A has diversified mostly in the central Andes, with a few species in the northern Andes and one species in the southern Andes. Clade B is more widespread, with species in the northern, central, and southern Andes, as well as in the Atlantic lowlands and Amazon basin. The most recent common ancestor of Stenocercus is inferred to have occurred in the eastern cordillera of the central Andes. Given morphological similarity and altitudinal distribution of some species nested in a northern‐Andes clade, as well as the relatively recent uplift of this Andean region, it is possible that species in this clade have diverged as recently as the mid‐Pliocene.

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“…Finally, Riama was resurrected for the remaining 24 species from the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela, the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela, and Trinidad. Subsequently, many new species were referred to Proctoporus s.s. (Doan et al., ; Goicoechea et al., ; Mamani et al., ), Petracola (Kizirian et al., ; Echevarría and Venegas, ) and Riama (Rivas et al., ; Arredondo and Sánchez‐Pacheco, ; Sánchez‐Pacheco, ; Sánchez‐Pacheco et al., , ; Aguirre‐Peñafiel et al., ). In their phylogenetic study of Proctoporus s.s., Goicoechea et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Riama (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), impact of phenotypic evidence on molecular datasets, and the origin of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta endemic fauna

et al. 2017

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Riama is the most speciose genus of the Neotropical lizard family Gymnophthalmidae. Its more than 30 montane species occur throughout the northern Andes, the Cordillera de la Costa (CC) in Venezuela, and Trinidad. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Riama to date based on a total evidence (TE) approach and direct optimization of molecular and morphological evidence. Analyses use DNA sequences from four loci and 35 phenotypic characters. The dataset consists of 55 ingroup terminals representing 25 of the 30 currently recognized species of Riama plus five undescribed taxa, including an endemic species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in Colombia, and 66 outgroup terminals of 47 species. Analysis results in a well-supported hypothesis in which Riama is polyphyletic, with its species falling into three clades. The Tepuian Anadia mcdiarmidi nests within one clade of Riama, and the recently resurrected Pantodactylus nests within Cercosaura. Accordingly, we propose a monophyletic taxonomy that reflects historical relationships. Analysis of character evolution indicates that the presence/absence of prefrontals-a cornerstone of the early genus-level taxonomy of cercosaurines-is optimally explained as having been plesiomorphically present in the most recent common ancestor of Cercosaurinae and lost in that of the immediately less inclusive clade. Multiple independent reversals to present and subsequent returns to absent occur within this clade. To evaluate the impact of phenotypic evidence on our results, we compare our TE results with results obtained from analyses using only molecular data. Although phenotypic evidence comprises only 1.2% of the TE matrix, its inclusion alters both the topology and support values of the clades that do not differ. Finally, current phylogenetic evidence reveals a SNSM-CC-Trinidad-tepuis biogeographical link. We hypothesize that an ancient connection facilitated the exchange of species between the SNSM and the CC.

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Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Proctoporus Sensu Stricto (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), With a New Species From Puno, Southeastern Peru

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests

Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests

Phylogeny and biogeography of a large radiation of Andean lizards (Iguania, Stenocercus)

Phylogeny of Riama (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), impact of phenotypic evidence on molecular datasets, and the origin of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta endemic fauna

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