Phylogenetic relationships within and between Epichloë and Neotyphodium endophytes as estimated by AFLP markers and rDNA sequences

Tredway, Lane P.; White, James F.; Gaut, Brandon S.; Reddy, Ponaka V.; Richardson, Mike; Clarke, Bruce B.

doi:10.1017/s0953756299008874

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our AFLP results, combined with DNA sequence analysis of diagnostic genes, confirm the validity and utility of the AFLP technique for evaluating genetic relatedness among fungal species (23,51), and in particular, for resolving relationships within or between closely related groups or species (24,47). Previous studies have shown that this technique is suitable for differentiating fungal strains at and below the species level (7,22,41,42).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, described by Vos et al (50), can be used for strain identification, especially at low taxonomic ranks (41,42). Recent studies suggest that these markers can be used to evaluate genetic relatedness among fungal species (23,51) and to clarify relationships within or between closely related groups or species (24,47). The advantages of this technique are its high discriminatory power, reproducibility, and robustness.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ochratoxin A Production and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Aspergillus carbonarius , Aspergillus tubingensis , and Aspergillus niger Strains Isolated from Grapes in Italy

Perrone

Mulé

Susca

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

182

100

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Ochratoxin A is a potent nephrotoxin and a possible human carcinogen that can contaminate various agricultural products, including grapes and wine. The capabilities of species other than Aspergillus carbonarius within Aspergillus section Nigri to produce ochratoxin A from grapes are uncertain, since strain identification is based primarily on morphological traits. We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and genomic DNA sequences (rRNA, calmodulin, and ␤-tubulin genes) to identify 77 black aspergilli isolated from grape berries collected in a 2-year survey in 16 vineyards throughout Italy. Four main clusters were distinguished, and they shared an AFLP similarity of <25%. Twenty-two of 23 strains of A. carbonarius produced ochratoxin A (6 to 7,500 g/liter), 5 of 20 strains of A. tubingensis produced ochratoxin A (4 to 130 g/liter), 3 of 15 strains of A. niger produced ochratoxin A (250 to 360 g/liter), and none of the 19 strains of Aspergillus "uniseriate" produced ochratoxin A above the level of detection (4 g/liter). These findings indicate that A. tubingensis is able to produce ochratoxin and that, together with A. carbonarius and A. niger, it may be responsible for the ochratoxin contamination of wine in Italy.Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an important mycotoxin; is considered to be nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic, and teratogenic; and has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) (10). Ochratoxin A is produced by a small number of species in the genera Aspergillus, Petromyces, Neopetromyces, and Penicillium (14) and can contaminate various agricultural products, including grapes and wine (13,34,36). Accurate identification of ochratoxigenic fungi is of great importance because the toxin profiles of individual species vary and because the fungi that are present limit and define the potential toxicological risks (40). Unfortunately, the taxonomy of Aspergillus section Nigri is not completely resolved, especially within the Aspergillus niger aggregate (5,20,35,38). The A. niger aggregate of Al Musallam (5) is currently described as two species, A. foetidus and A. niger, that are subdivided further into seven varieties, based on morphological and cultural criteria (5, 18, 38). Molecular studies support the division of the A. niger aggregate into two morphologically indistinguishable species, A. niger and A. tubingensis (20,32,48).The presence of ochratoxin A in wine is a relatively recent mycotoxicological problem (31,33,44,49) that is due to contamination by black aspergilli, primarily strains of A. carbonarius and others belonging to the A. niger species aggregate (8,21,46). These reports are all based on morphological identifications, which have limited ability to distinguish species in the A. niger aggregate. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, described by Vos et al. (50), can be used for strain identification, especially at low taxonomic ranks (41,42). Recent studies suggest that these markers can be used to e...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin A Production and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Aspergillus carbonarius , Aspergillus tubingensis , and Aspergillus niger Strains Isolated from Grapes in Italy

Perrone

Mulé

Susca

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

182

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…La definición de los grupos genéticos se basó en los AFLP (Tredway et al, 1999) que revelaron diferentes formas de variación genética comparada con ITS. La gran variación de grupos, cinco en AFLP comparados con tres grupos revelados por ITS (Suárez, 2016) son muestra de que las barreras geográficas que separan las áreas y los aislamientos generan más grupos.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Diversidad genética de <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> mediante Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados (AFLPs)

Suárez-Contreras

2017

Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortic.

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RESUMENEl cultivo de cacao, está afectado por el fitopatógeno Moniliophthora roreri, que causa gran pérdida en la producción en Norte de Santander. Este estudio muestra los resultados obtenidos utilizando AFLPs de M. roreri. Con el kit para sistema de análisis II, estandarizado y aplicado a 56 muestras de M. roreri, aisladas de nueve municipios. La combinación que presentó mayor número de polimorfismos fue E-ACC/ M-CAA, con 100 bandas y un número menor de alelos (6), con la combinación E-ACG/ M-CAA se obtuvieron 90 bandas y un número de alelos mayor (23), y con la combinación E-AAC/ M-CAA se presentaron 94 bandas y alelos (12). El análisis de datos se realizó según el dendrograma de similitud o distancias genéticas de Nei, obteniéndose cinco grupos con una alta variabilidad entre las muestras, del 6,5 al 58%. Al combinar la información morfológica y molecular se determinó el nivel de diversidad genética de Moniliophthora roreri.

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“…It is clearly recognized that AFLP retains phylogenetic signals, and an extensive literature survey indicated general congruence of AFLP and ITS tree topologies across a wide range of taxonomic groups (Tredway et al, 1999). However, while many studies have shown congruence at low levels of divergence (Tredway et al, 1999), and AFLPs have been used for the higher power detection of intraspecies variations (Rau et al, 2003(Rau et al, , 2007, several studies have indicated that above a certain level of ITS divergence, AFLP markers are sometimes too variable to correctly detect relationships among groups (Gr€ aser et al, 1999), which suggests a role for homoplasy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of Italian populations of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, the causal agent of corky root rot of tomato

et al. 2014

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Pyrenochaeta lycopersici is the causal agent of corky root rot, which is a serious disease worldwide that attacks the roots of tomato. A total of 139 isolates were sampled from eight locations in Italy and Israel and assigned to two molecular types (type 1 and type 2) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. These isolates were genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to decipher the population structure. Based on this population structure analysis, three groups of P. lycopersici were identified. One group correlated to ITS type 1, while the other two correlated to ITS type 2. AMOVA indicated high genetic divergence (F ST = 0Á40) between the Italian types 1 and 2. These data support the view that the two ITS types represent significant evolutionary entities, although there might be incomplete lineage sorting present. Some isolates of different ITS type were observed to have very similar multilocus AFLP profiles, and some genotypes were intermediate between the two ITS types. This suggests that parasexual hybridization between the two types has had a significant role in shaping the population structure of P. lycopersici. Finally, the average divergence among the populations within the ITS types was very high (F SC = 0Á710, P < 10 À5 ), probably due to strong genetic drift and founder effects combined with restricted migration.

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Phylogenetic relationships within and between Epichloë and Neotyphodium endophytes as estimated by AFLP markers and rDNA sequences

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Ochratoxin A Production and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Aspergillus carbonarius , Aspergillus tubingensis , and Aspergillus niger Strains Isolated from Grapes in Italy

Ochratoxin A Production and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Aspergillus carbonarius , Aspergillus tubingensis , and Aspergillus niger Strains Isolated from Grapes in Italy

Diversidad genética de <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> mediante Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados (AFLPs)

Genetic structure of Italian populations of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, the causal agent of corky root rot of tomato

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