Phylogenetic systematics and historical biogeography of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) (project)

Albert, Štefan; Crampton, G. C.; Thorsen, H; Lovejoy, Riley T.

doi:10.7934/p3280

Cited by 12 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Gymnotiformes was a skull of intermediate relative length, similar in proportions to the extant species Apteronotus albifrons and Sternopygus macrurus. This result is consistent with earlier published estimates of the ancestral gymnotiform skull shape (Albert & Fink, 2007;Albert et al, 2005;Gregory, 1933). We also estimate ancestral states of developmental integration and find intermediate values consistent with the degree of developmental integration in S. macrurus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These two neurocranial regions have been shown to exhibit qualitatively distinct patterns of ontogenetic and phylogenetic shape change in some vertebrates (Emerson & Bramble, 1993), and the gymnotiform clade under investigation (Albert, 2001;Albert, Crampton, Thorsen, & Lovejoy, 2005). The effect of allometry on modularity was also evaluated by taking the residuals of a regression of log-centroid size vs.…”

Section: Measuring Ontogenetic Modularity/integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes

Evans

Waltz

Tagliacollo

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Convergent evolution is widely viewed as strong evidence for the influence of natural selection on the origin of phenotypic design. However, the emerging evo‐devo synthesis has highlighted other processes that may bias and direct phenotypic evolution in the presence of environmental and genetic variation. Developmental biases on the production of phenotypic variation may channel the evolution of convergent forms by limiting the range of phenotypes produced during ontogeny. Here, we study the evolution and convergence of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull shapes among 133 species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes: Teleostei) and identify potential developmental biases on phenotypic evolution. We plot the ontogenetic trajectories of neurocranial phenotypes in 17 species and document developmental modularity between the face and braincase regions of the skull. We recover a significant relationship between developmental covariation and relative skull length and a significant relationship between developmental covariation and ontogenetic disparity. We demonstrate that modularity and integration bias the production of phenotypes along the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull axis and contribute to multiple, independent evolutionary transformations to highly brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull morphologies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Measuring Ontogenetic Modularity/integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes

Evans

Waltz

Tagliacollo

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…While not the focus on this study, these results provide insight regarding taxonomic and evolutionary aspects of the Gymnotus carapo species. Albert and Crampton () defined Gymnotus carapo sensu stricto, but phylogenetic studies using both morphological and molecular datasets have failed to resolve G. carapo as a monophyletic lineage (Albert et al., ; Lovejoy et al., ; Brochu, ; Crampton et al., ). The present study, which includes increased molecular sampling of G. carapo populations, confirms that there is a complex relationship between geographical isolates of this species and their close relatives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crampton, Lovejoy, and Albert () defined G. carapo sensu stricto and we included samples from several allopatric populations delineated by these authors, including from the western and central Amazon, and the Orinoco. Phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular data have failed to support the monophyly of G. carapo , and have placed other described and undescribed Gymnotus species within G. carapo (Albert, Crampton, Thorsen, & Lovejoy, ; Brochu, ; Crampton, Rodríguez‐Cattáneo, Lovejoy, & Caputi, ; Lovejoy, Lester, Crampton, Marques, & Albert, ; Maxime, ). We included representatives of as many of these species as possible (generally corresponding to members of “ G. carapo clades” B, C, and D from Crampton et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish biogeography in the “Lost World” of the Guiana Shield: Phylogeography of the weakly electric knifefish Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae)

Lehmberg

Elbassiouny

Bloom

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The Guiana Shield region exhibits extraordinary topography that includes sheer, flat‐topped mountains (tepuis) atop an upland platform. Rivers of the eastern Pakaraima Mountains descend to Atlantic coastal lowlands, often traversing spectacular rapids and waterfalls. For fish species distributed in both uplands and lowlands, it is unclear whether these rapids and waterfalls present population or biogeographical boundaries. We sought to test this using the geographically widespread banded‐electric knifefish (Gymnotus carapo) as a model. Location The Guiana Shield region of South America. Methods We sampled 60 Gymnotus carapo specimens from the Guiana Shield region, and 75 G. carapo and closely related species from other parts of South America. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and an intron from the nuclear S7 ribosomal protein gene, and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian tree‐building approaches to generate phylogenetic trees of haplotypes. Results Haplotype sharing is minimal between populations separated by elevational barriers. We found evidence for two main haplotype clades in the Guiana Shield: one distributed in Atlantic coastal regions that includes most lowland samples, and one inland that includes most upland samples. Inland Guiana samples are more closely related to samples from the Amazon basin than to those of Atlantic coastal regions. A single sample from Tafelberg tepui in Suriname was most closely related to the Atlantic coastal lineages. Main conclusions Riverine barriers that result from steep elevational gradients in the Guiana Shield inhibit gene flow between uplands and lowlands, even for a widely distributed species. Biogeographical relationships of Guiana Shield G. carapo are complex, with most upland lineages showing affinities to the Amazon basin, rather than to nearby lowland drainages of the Atlantic coast.

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“…Analyses based on morphological, molecular and electrical discharge patterns (Lovejoy, Lester, Crampton, Marques, & Albert, ; Tagliacollo, Bernt, Craig, Oliveira, & Albert, , ) have allowed the subdivision of Gymnotus into six clades: Pantherinus , coatesi , anguillaris , tigre , cylindricus , and carapo . Among these, the carapo clade is the most species rich and has the widest geographic distribution (Albert, Crampton, Thorsen, & Lovejoy, ). The carapo clade is found throughout South America and displays a variety of morphologically similar species, with different karyotypes (Milhomem, Pieczarka, Crampton, De Souza, & Nagamachi, ) and different genomic rearrangements (Nagamachi et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding analysis of Gymnotus species in two Neotropical river basins

Soria

Fabrin

Diamante

et al. 2018

Internat Rev Hydrobiol

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least 15 OTUs were determined, eight of which belonged to the carapo complex. Our results indicate the existence of at least four Gymnotus species belonging to the carapo clade in the upper Paraná River basin and possibly erroneous previous identifications. Besides that, we identified a possible new species of Gymnotus in the Rio Doce basin. The Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) molecular delimitation approaches place other specimens found in the upper Paraná River and Guaíba River (Gymnotus sp.) in well-established groups that should be considered in studies involving the carapo complex. K E Y W O R D S

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Phylogenetic systematics and historical biogeography of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) (project)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes

Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes

Fish biogeography in the “Lost World” of the Guiana Shield: Phylogeography of the weakly electric knifefish Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae)

DNA barcoding analysis of Gymnotus species in two Neotropical river basins

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