Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences

Abstract

DNA sequences from plastid rbcL and matK genes and the trnL-F region, as well as the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, were used to evaluate monophyly and subtribal delimitation of Cranichideae and generic relationships in Spiranthinae. Cranichideae are moderately supported as monophyletic, with Chloraeinae and Pterostylis-Megastylis indicated as their collective sisters. Within Cranichideae, Pachyplectroninae and Goodyerinae form a well-supported monophyletic group sister to a "core spiranthid" clade that includes, according to their branching order, Galeottiellinae, Manniellinae, and a Prescottiinae-Cranichidinae-Spiranthinae subclade. Inclusion of Galeottiella in Spiranthinae, as in previous classifications, renders the latter paraphyletic to all other spiranthid subtribes. Cranichidinae and Spiranthinae (minus Galeottiella) are monophyletic and strongly supported, but Prescottiinae form a grade that includes a strongly supported prescottioid Andean clade and a weakly supported Prescottia-Cranichidinae clade sister to Spiranthinae. Well-supported major clades in Spiranthinae identified in this study do not correspond to previous alliances or the narrowly defined subtribes in which they have been divided recently. Morphological characters, especially those that have been used for taxonomic delimitation in Cranichideae, are discussed against the framework of the molecular trees, emphasizing putative synapomorphies and problems derived from lack of information or inadequate interpretation of the characters.

A Plastid Gene Phylogeny Of the Yam Genus, <I>Dioscorea</I>: Roots, Fruits and Madagascar

“…Amplification of matK was carried out in the same manner as Salazar et al (2003), using the 50 l reaction method with PCR master mix. In addition to the Ϫ19F and 2R primers used to amplify the whole matK-trnK region, the internal primers 390F and 1326R were also used for some problematic amplifications and all sequencing (Cuénoud et al 2002).…”

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Drakaeinae: Diurideae (Orchidaceae) based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region

“…Reference vouchers for collections used in the study are housed either at CANB or CHR. Taxa were chosen on the basis of previous broader-level studies by Cameron et al (1999), Clements et al 2002), Cameron (2004), Salazar et al (2003Salazar et al ( , 2009) and Górniak et al (2010).…”

Three new species of Ponthieva (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae) from Colombia and Venezuela

“…The generic separateness of Ponthieva is not in doubt despite the general discussion about the infratribal classification of Cranichidinae (Szlachetko 1995;Salazár et al 2003Salazár et al , 2009). The unique characters of Ponthieva, which easily distinguish them from other cranichioid orchids are the petiolate, thin leaves, membranaceous floral bracts, often pubescent sepals with free or variously connate lateral sepals, strongly asymmetric petals adnate to the gynostemium and inserted on it and fleshy, usually prominently clawed, relatively small lip.…”