Phylogenic distribution of limb regeneration capacity in adult <i>Amphibia</i>

Scadding, Steven R.

doi:10.1002/jez.1402020108

Cited by 80 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Maintaining the salamander in an aquatic environment stimulates, to some extent, the breeding state whereby the salamander does not eat and essentially starves to death. The results in this report as well as those of Scadding (1977) support this idea. An additional consideration is that the salamanders are nocturnal in their activities, both in pursuit of their food source and in other ancillary activities.…”

Section: Aquaticsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The above results show that 1) postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamanders can survive under appropriate laboratory conditions for extended periods of time; 2) adult Scadding (1977) found that environmental conditions optimal for regeneration in the aquatic-phase urodeles (i.e., aquatic habitat with fresh liver as a food source) produced either heteromorphic or nonexistent regeneration (and death) in land-phase urodeles after a 60-day observation period. Our studies, as shown in Table 2, confirm this finding in that conditions for regeneration in aquatic species are detrimental to land-based species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Scadding (1977), examining the phylogenetic distribution of regeneration, tested adult A. maculatum for its regenerative ability during a time period of 60 days and reported either nonexistent or heteromorphic regeneration within this species. The observation time was based on previously reported times for regeneration in aquatic model systems: 40 days for the newt (Iten and Bryant, 1973); "30+" days for the axolotl (Tank et al, 1976;Farber, 1959); and 44 days for the larval salamander (Stocum, 1979).…”

Section: Aquaticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results show that adult A. maculatum will completely regenerate within a time period of 255 to 300 days postamputation. The observation period used by Scadding (1977) for complete regeneration in adult A. maculat u m was only one fourth to one fifth the actual time needed for complete regeneration to occur in this same species. The additional data presented here show that complete regeneration is also possible in A. tigranum (155 to 180 dpa), A. teranum (215 to 250 dpa), and A. aniiulatum (324 to 370 dpa).…”

Section: Aquaticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We believe an alternate explanation, that the adult land-phase forms retain the capacity to regenerate tissues, but this cannot be expressed when land-phase animals are maintained in laboratory environments established for aquatic-phase animals, i.e., newts, axolotls, and/or larval salamanders. Indeed, it has been shown that adult landphase forms will survive for only 2 to 3 months under conditions usually employed for studies on regeneration in aquatic forms (Scadding, 1977). Since studies pertaining to regeneration rates in newts have shown that the rates are greatly affected by adverse environmental conditions (Schauble, 1972;Schauble and Nentwig, 1974;Maier and Singer, 19771, it seems plausible that the reported inability of the adult land-phase salamander to regenerate a limb may be due to adverse laboratory conditions rather than actual loss of the intrinsic capacity to regenerate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Envirnmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land‐phase salamander, Ambystoma

1983

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Historically, postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamanders have been shown to exhibit minimal to nonexistent limb regeneration. Hence, it has been generally accepted that these forms have lost the intrinsic capacity to regenerate a limb. Due to the experimental protocols used, an alternate explanation is also possible: that this intrinsic capacity cannot be expressed when the salamanders are maintained under adverse laboratory environmental conditions. Therefore, this study addresses two questions: 1) What are the optimal environmental conditions for long-term survival of adult land-phase salamanders; and 2) will complete limb regeneration occur in these salamanders if they are maintained under survival conditions. A mixed population of adult Ambystoma were tested under varying conditions of habitat, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, and food source. Complete limb regeneration was possible in 100% of four species of adult postmetamorphic land-phase Ambystoma salamanders given the proper environmental laboratory conditions of a peat moss and potting soil habitat with a controlled temperature of 25 degrees C +/- 5 degrees C, 70% or greater humidity, a 12/12 light/dark photoperiod, a diet including nightcrawlers released into their respective terraria, and an extended observation time of up to 370 days postamputation (dpa). Regeneration was completed during the following range periods for the adult salamanders: A. annulatum, 324 to 370 dpa; A. maculatum, 255 to 300 dpa; A. texanum, 215 to 250 dpa; and A. tigranum, 155 to 180 dpa.

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Section: Aquaticsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Aquaticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aquaticmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Envirnmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land‐phase salamander, Ambystoma

1983

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Remembering where we are: Positional information in salamander limb regeneration

Flowers

Crews

2020

Developmental Dynamics

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Fifty years ago, Lewis Wolpert defined an important question in developmental biology: how are cell fates determined by the positions of cells within a system? He proposed that cells retain positional values as if they lie within a coordinate system and that the interpretation of these values produces patterns in development. He referred to this concept as positional information. Though initially controversial, this concept of positional information has proven to be profoundly influential in developmental biology. One area in which the influence of Wolpert's theoretical work can be clearly demonstrated is the study of limb regeneration in salamanders. Here, we review the work in limb regeneration leading up to Wolpert defining the concept of positional information and how his theory has guided regeneration research over the subsequent 50 years.

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Characterizing the regenerative capacity and growth patterns of the Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni)

Vieira

Anderson

Campbell

et al. 2020

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: Regeneration of complex patterned structures is well described among, although limited to a small sampling of, amphibians. This limitation impedes our understanding of the full range of regenerative competencies within this class of vertebrates, according to phylogeny, developmental life stage, and age. To broaden the phylogenetic breath of this research, we characterized the regenerative capacity of the Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni), a protected salamander native to the Edwards Aquifer of San Marcos, Texas and colonized by the San Marcos Aquatic Resource Center. As field observations suggested regenerative abilities in this population, the forelimb stump of a live captured female was amputated in the hopes of restoring the structure, and thus locomotion in the animal. Tails were clipped from two males to additionally document tail regeneration.Results: We show that the Texas blind salamander exhibits robust limb and tail regeneration, like all other studied Plethodontidae. Regeneration in this species is associated with wound epithelium formation, blastema formation, and subsequent patterning and differentiation of the regenerate. Conclusions:The study has shown that the Texas blind salamander is a valuable model to study regenerative processes, and that therapeutic surgeries offer a valuable means to help maintain and conserve this vulnerable species.

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Phylogenic distribution of limb regeneration capacity in adult Amphibia

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Envirnmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land‐phase salamander, Ambystoma

Envirnmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land‐phase salamander, Ambystoma

Remembering where we are: Positional information in salamander limb regeneration

Characterizing the regenerative capacity and growth patterns of the Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni)

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