Phylogenomic classification and synteny network analyses deciphered the evolutionary landscape of aldo–keto reductase (AKR) gene superfamily in the plant kingdom

Krishnamurthy, Panneerselvam; Pothiraj, Ramanujam; Backiyarani, S.; Saraswathi, Marimuthu Somasundaram; Uma, S.

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2021.146169

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…CHR is a member of the AKR superfamily, [12][13][14] and belongs to AKR4 subfamily composing several plant oxidoreductase of poorly defined function. 35) CHR was revealed to reduce naringenin chalcone to isoliquiritigenin through removing a phenolic hydroxyl group. No AKR reducing a phenolic hydroxyl group is reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Deoxyflavonoid Biosynthesis: Naringenin Chalcone Is a Substrate for the Reductase Synthesizing Isoliquiritigenin

Shibuya

2024

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Isoliquiritigenin formation is a key reaction during deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis, which is catalyzed by two enzymes, chalcone synthase (CHS) and reductase (CHR). The substrates for CHS are established. However, the substrate for CHR is unknown. In this study, an in vitro reaction was performed to confirm whether naringenin chalcone can be a substrate. Naringenin chalcone was used as a substrate during the CHR reaction. Analyzing the product revealed that isoliquiritigenin was produced from naringenin chalcone, indicating that naringenin chalcone is a substrate. This study is the first to identify a substrate for CHR, reveals that deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis diverges from naringenin chalcone, endorses the term "chalcone reductase," and answers the long-standing questions about doubly-labeled acetic acid uptake pattern in deoxyflavonoid biosynthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Deoxyflavonoid Biosynthesis: Naringenin Chalcone Is a Substrate for the Reductase Synthesizing Isoliquiritigenin

Shibuya

2024

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…AKRs is a multigene superfamily of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases that mediates detoxification, potassium efflux, and specialized metabolism in plants [ 42 ]. There are several examples of AKRs improving glyphosate resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Resistance Mechanisms Involved in Glyphosate Resistance in Eleusine indica

Deng

Duan

et al. 2022

Plants

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Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide and is widely used for weed control in non-cultivated land in China. One susceptible (S) and five putative glyphosate-resistant (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) Eleusine indica biotypes were selected to investigate their resistance levels and the potential resistance mechanisms. Based on the dose–response assays, the R3 and R5 biotypes showed a low-level (2.4 to 3.5-fold) glyphosate resistance, and the R1, R2, and R4 biotypes exhibited a moderate- to high-level (8.6 to 19.2-fold) resistance, compared with the S biotype. The analysis of the target-site resistance (TSR) mechanism revealed that the P106A mutation and the heterozygous double T102I + P106S mutation were found in the R3 and R4 biotypes, respectively. In addition, the similar EPSPS gene overexpression was observed in the R1, R2, and R5 biotypes, suggesting that additional non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms may contribute to glyphosate resistance in R1 and R2 biotypes. Subsequently, an RNA-Seq analysis was performed to identify candidate genes involved in NTSR. In total, ten differentially expressed contigs between untreated S and R1 or R2 plants, and between glyphosate-treated S and R1 or R2 plants, were identified and further verified with RT-qPCR. One ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene, one aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) gene and one cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CytP450) gene were up-regulated in R1 or R2 plants. These results indicated that EPSPS overexpression, single or double mutation was a common TSR mechanisms in E. indica. Additional NTSR mechanisms could play an essential role in glyphosate resistance. Three genes, ABCC4, AKR4C10, and CYP88, could serve as important candidate genes and deserve further functional studies.

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“…Aldo-keto reductase-domain (PF00248) containing proteins (AKRs), belongs to the oxidoreduction enzyme superfamilies that catalyze NAD(P)(H)-dependent reduction of various substrates. Owing to the broad substrate specificity, AKRs play a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as response to various electrophilic, osmotic, and oxidative stress, defending against the harmful effects of lipid peroxidation through the antioxidant pathway, and participating in the polyol pathway [106][107][108]. AKRs in all phyla are classified into multiple families (≥40% identity) and subfamilies (≥60% identity) [109].…”

Section: Zmpdi May Enhance Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AKRs in all phyla are classified into multiple families (≥40% identity) and subfamilies (≥60% identity) [109]. Among them, the AKR4 family is exclusive to plants and associated with diverse functions such as detoxification of reactive aldehydes/ketones and xenobiotics and biosynthesis of isoflavonoids, morphine, cocaine, ascorbic acid, and metal chelators [106,107]. Many AKR4 genes exhibit inducibility under stress conditions and their overexpression confers tolerance against diverse stresses in transgenic plants [107].…”

Section: Zmpdi May Enhance Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism by Which ZmPDI Improves Salt Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Wang,

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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As one of the most salt-tolerant grasses, characterizing salt-tolerance genes of Zoysia matrella [L.] Merr. not only broaden the theoretical information of salt tolerance, but also provide new salt-resistant genetic resources for crop breeding. The salt-inducible protein disulfide isomerase (ZmPDI) of Zoysia matrella [L.] Merr. was proved to enhance salt tolerance in homologous overexpression transgenic plants. In order to evaluate its potential application in crops, we conducted the salt tolerance evaluation in heterologous overexpression transgenic rice (OX-ZmPDI), Wild-type (WT) rice, and LOC_Os11g09280 (OsPDI, homologous gene of ZmPDI in rice) knock-out rice generated by CRISPR-Cas9 system (CR-OsPDI). Our findings revealed that OX-ZmPDI rice was higher and exhibited longer main root length, more proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD) activity than WT control after salt treatment, while CR-OsPDI resulted in contrary phenotypes. These results indicated that ZmPDI can significantly enhance the salt tolerance in rice, whereas loss-of-function of OsPDI reduces the salt tolerance. To further investigate these differences at the molecular level, we collected roots from OX-ZmPDI transgenic, CR-OsPDI transgenic, and wild-type (WT) plants at 0 and 24 h after salt treatment for RNA-seq and data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteome sequencing. Combined analysis of the transcriptome and proteome revealed that ZmPDI has the potential to enhance the salt tolerance of rice by modulating the expression of laccase-6, zingipain-2, WIP3, FKBP65, AKR4C10, GBSSII, Pho1, and TRXf1. Those results provided new information for the molecular regulation mechanism by which ZmPDI improves salt tolerance, and prove the potential of ZmPDI for application in crop breeding.

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Phylogenomic classification and synteny network analyses deciphered the evolutionary landscape of aldo–keto reductase (AKR) gene superfamily in the plant kingdom

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Probing the Deoxyflavonoid Biosynthesis: Naringenin Chalcone Is a Substrate for the Reductase Synthesizing Isoliquiritigenin

Probing the Deoxyflavonoid Biosynthesis: Naringenin Chalcone Is a Substrate for the Reductase Synthesizing Isoliquiritigenin

Multiple Resistance Mechanisms Involved in Glyphosate Resistance in Eleusine indica

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism by Which ZmPDI Improves Salt Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa)

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