Phylogenomics and a revised tribal classification of subfamily Dipterocarpoideae (Dipterocarpaceae)

Cvetković, Tijana; Hinsinger, Damien Daniel; Thomas, Daniel C.; Wieringa, Jan J.; Velautham, Elango; Strijk, Joeri S.

doi:10.1002/tax.12648

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…Our divergence time analysis also suggests that the diversification of major lineages of Stictopterinae began in the Middle Miocene (12–14 Ma). These estimates are similar to those recovered in divergence time estimates for the age of Dipterocarpaceae (Cvetković et al, 2022), which suggested that species diversification began in the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene (21–27 Ma).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Evolutionary history of Euteliidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)

Zahiri

Holloway

Rota

et al. 2023

Systematic Entomology

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We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis on the family Euteliidae to clarify deep divergences and elucidate evolutionary relationships at the level of the subfamily, tribe, and genus. Our dataset consists of 6.3 kbp of one mitochondrial and seven nuclear DNA loci and was analysed using model-based phylogenetic methods, that is, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Based on the recovered topology, we recognize two subfamilies, Euteliinae and Stictopterinae, and the tribes Stictopterini and Odontini. We identify apomorphic morphological character states for Euteliidae and its component subfamilies and tribes. Several genera (e.g., Targalla, Paectes, Marathyssa, Eutelia) were found polyphyletic and require taxonomic revision. Two new genera (Niklastelia Zahiri & Holloway gen.nov. and Pellinentelia Holloway & Zahiri gen.nov.) are described and a number of taxonomic changes (new combinations and new synonymies) are established. The Neotropical genus Thyriodes, currently included in Euteliidae, is found to be associated with Erebinae (Erebidae). The divergence time estimate for the split between the Euteliidae and Noctuidae is at 53 Ma, and the Euteliidae subfamilies Euteliinae and Stictopterinae are estimated to have diverged at 42 Ma. In Stictopterinae, the tribes Stictopterini and Odontodini split at 31 Ma, while Euteliinae began diversifying at 34 Ma.Malpighiales are inferred to have been the ancestral larval hostplant order for Euteliidae.The ancestors of Stictopterinae also appear to have been Malpighiales feeders, but then diverged to Malvales specialists (Odontodini) and Malpighiales specialists (Stictopterini) hostplants. Larvae of Stictopterini appear to be restricted primarily to Clusiaceae, apart from a few records from Dipterocarpaceae. In Euteliinae, Anacardiaceae are predominant as larval hosts. Thus, all hosts in the family are lactiferous, possibly providing some degree of pre-adaptation for exploiting Dipterocarpaceae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Evolutionary history of Euteliidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)

Zahiri

Holloway

Rota

et al. 2023

Systematic Entomology

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“…Our time of divergence analysis also revealed that the diversification of major generic lineages of Stictopterinae appears to have begun approximately in Middle Miocene (12–14 my). These estimates are similar to those recovered in phylogenomic divergence time estimations of Dipterocarpaceae (Cvetković et al, 2022), which suggested a species diversification from the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene (21–27 my) in most lineages except for Richetioides (Middle Miocene 14.05 my). The reconstruction of ancestral character states for host-plants pairs several genera with Fabales.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Hostplant Associations and Divergence Time Of Major Lineages...supporting

confidence: 85%

“…For example, in Bornean forests, dipterocarps are represented in most moist lowland forest types, with ten genera and at least 267 species, and usually about three-quarters of large trees in Bornean lowland forest are dipterocarps (Whitmore, 1984). This dominance is thought to have developed from the Middle Miocene (12–14 my) in response to climatic shifts (Cvetković et al, 2022). Dipterocarps, unlike the majority of flowering plants, are resinous like gymnosperms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary history of Euteliidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)

Zahiri

Holloway

Rota

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Euteliidae stand apart in the Noctuoidea as the second smallest family, but most highly specialized in terms of larval hostplant relationships, favouring plant families with high levels of resin or latex, including the family dominant in Oriental lowland forests, the Dipterocarpaceae. Given the proportionally large foliage biomass represented by dipterocarps, exploitation of this abundant resource by lepidopteran defoliators is surprisingly low, and the Euteliidae may have achieved this through pre-adaption to dipterocarp chemical defences. Therefore, to assess this, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis on the family Euteliidae to clarify deep divergences and elucidate evolutionary relationships at the level of the subfamily, tribe, and genus. Our dataset consists of 6.3 kbp of one mitochondrial and seven nuclear DNA loci and was analyzed using model-based phylogenetic methods, i.e., maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. We attempted to diagnose apomorphic morphological character states for Euteliidae and each monophyletic group within the family. Additionally, the evolution of hostplant use was reconstructed and a molecular-dating approach was conducted to assess the ages of major lineages within Euteliidae. We present an updated phylogenetic hypothesis for Euteliidae consisting of two strongly supported subfamilies: Euteliinae and Stictopterinae. Within Stictopterinae there are two tribes: Stictopterini and Odontodini. Several genera (e.g., Targalla, Paectes, Marathyssa, Eutelia) were found to be polyphyletic and require taxonomic revision. Two new genera (Niklastelia and Pellinentelia) are described and several taxonomic changes (e.g., new combinations and new synonymies) are made. The Neotropical genus Thyriodes, currently included in Euteliidae, is found to be associated with Erebinae (Erebidae). The divergence time estimate for the split between the Euteliidae and Noctuidae is at 53 my, and the Euteliidae split into the subfamilies Euteliinae and Stictopterinae at 42 my. In Stictopterinae, the tribes Stictopterini and Odontodini split at 31 my and the Euteliinae began a much more complex diversification at 34 my. Ancestral hostplant reconstruction identified Malpighiales (e.g., Clusiaceae) as the ancestral larval hostplant order for the family Euteliidae. The ancestors of Stictopterinae also appear to have been Malpighiales feeders, but then split into exclusive specialisms on Malvales (Odontodini) and Malpighiales (Stictopterini) hostplants. Larvae of Stictopterini appear to be restricted to Clusiaceae, apart from a few records from Dipterocarpaceae. In Euteliinae, Anacardiaceae are predominant as larval hosts. Thus, all hosts in the family are lactiferous, possibly providing some degree of pre-adaptation for exploiting Dipterocarpaceae.

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“…A few comments on dipterocarp origins are warranted in light of recent reviews of this fascinating topic ( Kooyman et al, 2019 ; Ashton et al, 2021 ; Cvetković et al, 2022 ). The dipterocarps are widely held to have originated on the supercontinent of Gondwana and to have arrived in Asia via the post-Gondwanan movements of India or Africa ( e.g ., Ashton et al, 2021 and references therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First fossil-leaf floras from Brunei Darussalam show dipterocarp dominance in Borneo by the Pliocene

Wilf

Zou

Donovan

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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The Malay Archipelago is one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth, but it suffers high extinction risks due to severe anthropogenic pressures. Paleobotanical knowledge provides baselines for the conservation of living analogs and improved understanding of vegetation, biogeography, and paleoenvironments through time. The Malesian bioregion is well studied palynologically, but there have been very few investigations of Cenozoic paleobotany (plant macrofossils) in a century or more. We report the first paleobotanical survey of Brunei Darussalam, a sultanate on the north coast of Borneo that still preserves the majority of its extraordinarily diverse, old-growth tropical rainforests. We discovered abundant compression floras dominated by angiosperm leaves at two sites of probable Pliocene age: Berakas Beach, in the Liang Formation, and Kampong Lugu, in an undescribed stratigraphic unit. Both sites also yielded rich palynofloral assemblages from the macrofossil-bearing beds, indicating lowland fern-dominated swamp (Berakas Beach) and mangrove swamp (Kampong Lugu) depositional environments. Fern spores from at least nine families dominate both palynological assemblages, along with abundant fungal and freshwater algal remains, rare marine microplankton, at least four mangrove genera, and a diverse rainforest tree and liana contribution (at least 19 families) with scarce pollen of Dipterocarpaceae, today’s dominant regional life form. Compressed leaves and rare reproductive material represent influx to the depocenters from the adjacent coastal rainforests. Although only about 40% of specimens preserve informative details, we can distinguish 23 leaf and two reproductive morphotypes among the two sites. Dipterocarps are by far the most abundant group in both compression assemblages, providing rare, localized evidence for dipterocarp-dominated lowland rainforests in the Malay Archipelago before the Pleistocene. The dipterocarp fossils include winged Shorea fruits, at least two species of plicate Dipterocarpus leaves, and very common Dryobalanops leaves. We attribute additional leaf taxa to Rhamnaceae (Ziziphus), Melastomataceae, and Araceae (Rhaphidophora), all rare or new fossil records for the region. The dipterocarp leaf dominance contrasts sharply with the family’s <1% representation in the palynofloras from the same strata. This result directly demonstrates that dipterocarp pollen is prone to strong taphonomic filtering and underscores the importance of macrofossils for quantifying the timing of the dipterocarps’ rise to dominance in the region. Our work shows that complex coastal rainforests dominated by dipterocarps, adjacent to swamps and mangroves and otherwise similar to modern ecosystems, have existed in Borneo for at least 4–5 million years. Our findings add historical impetus for the conservation of these gravely imperiled and extremely biodiverse ecosystems.

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Phylogenomics and a revised tribal classification of subfamily Dipterocarpoideae (Dipterocarpaceae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 130 publications

Evolutionary history of Euteliidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)

Evolutionary history of Euteliidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)

Evolutionary history of Euteliidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)

First fossil-leaf floras from Brunei Darussalam show dipterocarp dominance in Borneo by the Pliocene

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