Phylogenomics of Anguis and Pseudopus (Squamata, Anguidae) indicates Balkan-Apennine mitochondrial capture associated with the Messinian event

Gvoždík, Václav; Nečas, Tadeáš; Jablonski, Daniel; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Lemmon, Alan R.; Jandzík, Dávid; Moravec, Jiří

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107674

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Slow worms, the semifossorial legless lizards of the genus Anguis (family Anguidae), represent such an example. They are morphologically quite uniform or di cult to distinguish by external characters (Benkovský et al 2021;Jablonski et al 2021) but have been shown to represent genetically relatively deeply divergent lineages harbouring ve currently recognized species (Gvoždík et al 2010(Gvoždík et al , 2013(Gvoždík et al , 2022Jablonski et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two species, which are morphologically quite distinct, probably do not hybridize or only rarely (Thanou et al 2021). Phylogenetic reconstruction using genome-wide markers showed that A. cephallonica, endemic to the Peloponnese and nearby islands, is the oldest lineage within the extant taxa, which diverged around 12 million years ago (Mya; Gvoždík et al 2022). The remaining four species represent the A. fragilis species complex, which began to diversify around 6.7 Mya, although it has retained relatively conserved morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anguis colchica is widespread in Eastern Europe (A. colchica incerta) and western Asia, and its sister species A. graeca (divergence 4.4 Mya) is endemic to the southern Balkans. Phylogenetic controversy exists for A. veronensis, which according to mtDNA represents a sister lineage to A. cephallonica, but this is likely the result of ancient mitochondrial capture (Gvoždík et al 2022). Some degree of hybridization has been documented between A. fragilis and A. colchica (Szabó and (Gvoždík et al 2013;Dufresnes et al, in review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Pseudopus, with the single extant species P. apodus, presumably represents a sister lineage to Anguis, which probably diverged around 21-25 Mya (Lavin and Girman 2019; Gvoždík et al 2022). It is distributed in the more southern and eastern regions of the Western Palearctic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our cytogenetic analysis revealed that all ve currently recognized slow-worm species share the same chromosome number and similar karyotype structure, with the 2n = 44 being composed of 20 macrochromosomes and 24 microchromosomes. The diversi cation of extant Anguis taxa is dated to approximately 12 Mya(Gvoždík et al 2022). However, the presumed sister genus Pseudopus, with the single extant species P. apodus, also has the same karyotype characteristics(Matthey 1931; our results).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Karyotype stasis but species-specific repetitive DNA patterns in Anguis lizards (Anguidae), in the evolutionary framework of Anguiformes

Altmanová

Doležálková-Kaštánková

Jablonski

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Karyotype divergence may strongly affect the rate of hybridization between species in their secondary contact zones. Slow worms (Anguis, Anguidae) are morphologically relatively cryptic legless lizards representing two evolutionary lineages, A. cephallonica from the southernmost Balkans, and the A. fragilis species complex (comprising two sister-species pairs A. fragilis + A. veronensis and A. colchica + A. graeca) distributed in the Western Palearctic. To identify their level of chromosomal variation, we surveyed karyotype of all species except formerly studied A. veronensis and included Pseudopus apodus as an outgroup. We applied conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods and whole-chromosome painting using macrochromosome probes from Varanus komodoensis and interpreted the results within the evolutionary framework of the common clade Anguiformes. Unlike New World anguids with remarkable karyotype variation, all Anguis species and P. apodus have conserved diploid chromosome number 2n = 44 (20 macrochromosomes, 24 microchromosomes) and morphology. The sister species A. colchica and A. graeca (divergence 4.4 Mya) displayed highly similar karyotype features within our sample. In contrast, despite the generally conserved chromosome morphology, the phylogenetically older A. cephallonica (divergence 12.0 Mya), and A. colchica versus A. fragilis (divergence 6.7 Mya) exhibited distinct patterns of constitutive heterochromatin distribution and telomeric repeat accumulation. The chromosome painting revealed that slow worm karyotype mostly evolved by fissions of ancestral macrochromosomes, which likely occurred already in an Anguis + Pseudopus common ancestor. Our findings thus demonstrate karyotype stasis in Anguis and Pseudopus for > 25 My, with fixed species-specific differences which may serve as cytotaxonomic markers useful in hybrid zone studies of slow worms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyotype stasis but species-specific repetitive DNA patterns in Anguis lizards (Anguidae), in the evolutionary framework of Anguiformes

Altmanová

Doležálková-Kaštánková

Jablonski

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Phylogenomic insights into the diversity and evolution of Palearctic vipers

Dufresnes,

Ghielmi,

Halpern

et al. 2024

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Acknowledging more biodiversity without more species

Dufresnes,

Poyarkov,

Jablonski

2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Delimiting and naming biodiversity is a vital step toward wildlife conservation and research. However, species delimitation must be consistent across biota so that the limited resources available for nature protection can be spent effectively and objectively. To date, newly discovered lineages typically are either left undescribed and thus remain unprotected or are being erroneously proposed as new species despite mixed evidence for completed speciation, in turn contributing to the emerging problem of taxonomic inflation. Inspired by recent conceptual and methodological progress, we propose a standardized workflow for species delimitation that combines phylogenetic and hybrid zone analyses of genomic datasets (“genomic taxonomy”), in which phylogeographic lineages that do not freely admix are ranked as species, while those that have remained fully genetically compatible are ranked as subspecies. In both cases, we encourage their formal taxonomic naming, diagnosis, and description to promote social awareness toward biodiversity. The use of loci throughout the genome overcomes the unreliability of widely used barcoding genes when phylogeographic patterns are complex, while the evaluation of divergence and reproductive isolation unifies the long-opposed concepts of lineage species and biological species. We suggest that a shift in conservation assessments from a single level (species) toward a two-level hierarchy (species and subspecies) will lead to a more balanced perception of biodiversity in which both intraspecific and interspecific diversity are valued and more adequately protected.

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Phylogenomics of Anguis and Pseudopus (Squamata, Anguidae) indicates Balkan-Apennine mitochondrial capture associated with the Messinian event

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Karyotype stasis but species-specific repetitive DNA patterns in Anguis lizards (Anguidae), in the evolutionary framework of Anguiformes

Karyotype stasis but species-specific repetitive DNA patterns in Anguis lizards (Anguidae), in the evolutionary framework of Anguiformes

Phylogenomic insights into the diversity and evolution of Palearctic vipers

Acknowledging more biodiversity without more species

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