Phylogeny and biogeography of Craspedia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) based on ITS, ETS and psbA-trnH sequence data

Abstract

Craspedia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) is a genus of 23 species found only in Australia and New Zealand. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of ITS and ETS intergenic spacers from the nuclear genome recovered three main lineages. The first lineage consists solely of the Australian species C. haplorrhiza, the relationships of which are unresolved, and the second includes species that are also exclusively Australian in distribution. The third lineage comprises two monophyletic groups; one including all the remaining Australian species sampled and the other, all New Zealand entities sampled. Monophyly of New Zealand Craspedia is also supported by analysis of psbA‐trnH intergenic spacer sequences. Australian alpine species are independently derived from within the two larger Australian lineages. Both major Australian lineages are present in Tasmania suggesting multiple colonisations from mainland Australia. The single lineage of New Zealand Craspedia and the low divergences between Australian and New Zealand Craspedia samples are consistent with the derivation of New Zealand Craspedia via a single dispersal event from south‐east Australia in the Late Tertiary or Quaternary. Compared with Australian Craspedia, the New Zealand species show extensive morphological divergence but little sequence divergence, suggesting a recent and rapid species radiation.

Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny

“…Previous research has found polyphyly within other genera such as Pleurospermum (Apiaceae; Valiejo-Roman et al, 2012 ), Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae; Kool et al, 2007), Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae; Soltis et al, 1996) and Rhodomyrtus (Myrtaceae; Snow et al, 2011), among others.…”

A New Lineage‐Based Tribal Classification of the Family Caryophyllaceae

“…& Schltdl. : Soltis et al 1996; Scleranthus: Smissen et al 2003;Schiedea: Wagner et al 2005; Arenaria L. and Moehringia L.: Fior and Karis 2007; Polycarpon L.: Kool et al 2007; Silene: Popp and Oxelman 2001) and are beginning to provide an understanding of the complexities of the family. Finally, a recent study by Brockington et al (2009) has advanced our understanding of the order Caryophyllales and the placement of the Caryophyllaceae.…”

A new nomenclatural change in Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae): P. tetraphyllum subsp. sauvagei comb. & stat. nov., an endemic taxon from Morocco

“…The recent molecular investigations by Kool et al (2007) clearly showed the polyphyly of the genus Polycarpon Linnaeus (1759: 859, 881) which includes, in the new restricted sense, only the taxa belonging to the Polycarpon tetraphyllum clade, while the South American P. suffruticosum Grisebach (1874: 77−78), and P. coquimbense Gereau & Marticonema (1995: 154), and the widespread tropical P. prostratum (Forsskål 1775: 207) Ascherson & Schweinfurth (1889: 128) are to be excluded. Kool et al (2007) also suggested treating all the members of the P. tetraphyllum group as a single species with the recognition of several subspecies.…”

“…Kool et al (2007) also suggested treating all the members of the P. tetraphyllum group as a single species with the recognition of several subspecies. Accordingly, Iamonico (2013), and Iamonico & Domina (2015) proposed four new nomenclatural combinations [a further proposal about the northwestern American P. depressum Nuttal ex Torrey & Gray (1838: 174) is in preparation].…”

“…Kool et al (2007) do not included this species in the phylogenetic analyses, but, on the basis of its morphology, there is no doubt that P. sauvagei belongs to the P. tetraphyllum group (see also Kool et al 2007: 781). On the whole, P. sauvagei resembles the perennial members, especially the taxon herniarioides (Ball 1873: 301) that currently occurs in northwestern Africa, and southeastern Spain (see Amich & Pedrol 1990).…”