Phylogeny and Redescription of the Testate Amoeba Diaphoropodon archeri (Chlamydophryidae, Thecofilosea, Cercozoa), De Saedeleer 1934, and Annotations on the Polyphyly of Testate Amoebae with Agglutinated Tests in the Cercozoa

Abstract

The genus Diaphoropodon, Archer 1869, comprises filose amoebae with agglutinated tests made of quartz grains, diatom frustules and other particulate materials. The key trait of the genus is a hyaline theca covered with numerous 5- to 10-μm-long, hairlike rods. Based on SSU rDNA phylogeny, we show that Diaphoropodon groups closely to Lecythium, a testate amoeba genus with a flexible but naked theca. Electron microscopic images reveal that the rods of Diaphoropodon are not perforating the test but lie randomly distributed on the surface of the amoeba. Comparing fairly naked cells from our cultures with cells from the environment leads to the conclusion that these rods play a role in agglutinating the material on the test.

Rhizarian ‘Novel Clade 10’ Revealed as Abundant and Diverse Planktonic and Terrestrial Flagellates, including Aquavolon n. gen.

“…); NC2 has recently been shown to include the heterotrophic flagellate Quadricilia (Yabuki and Ishida ), the first member of NC4 was shown to be Trachyrhizium (Shiratori and Ishida ), which forms a clade with Lecythium and Diaphoropodon (Dumack et al. ); NC6 belongs to a group including Metopion , Metromonas , and Micrometromonas (Howe et al. ; this study); NC7 includes Pansomonadida ( Aurigamonas and Agitata ; Bass et al.…”

Gazelletta kashiwaensis sp. nov. (Medusettidae, Phaeodaria, Cercozoa), Its Morphology, Phylogeny, Distribution, and Feeding Behavior

“…Thecofilosea were for a long time represented by only very few sequences, but their high genetic and morphological diversities are being revealed (Dumack et al. ,b). Thecofiloseans have recently been clarified to be major algae grazers showing their significance in soil systems (Seppey et al.…”

Transfer of the Thecate Amoeba Lecythium mutabilis to a Novel Genus Omnivora (Fiscullidae, Thecofilosea, Cercozoa)

“…Recently, numerous isolates of thecofilosean amoebae, or amoebae that were previously assigned to the Thecofilosea, have been cultured and were characterized by an integrated morphological and molecular approach (Dumack et al. ,b, ,b,c,d, ,b; Shiratori and Ishida ). These studies have shown that the trait of attaching or embedding xenosomes into the theca is polyphyletic within Thecofilosea and thus largely unsuitable for taxonomic assignments (Dumack et al.…”

“…These studies have shown that the trait of attaching or embedding xenosomes into the theca is polyphyletic within Thecofilosea and thus largely unsuitable for taxonomic assignments (Dumack et al. 2017d). Meanwhile, phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA resulted in the establishment of a stable taxonomic framework for Thecofilosea despite their morphologic similarity.…”

“…Meanwhile, molecular data could be obtained for other genera in the Chlamydophryidae; Trachyrhizium , Lecythium and Diaphoropodon (Dumack et al. ,d; Shiratori and Ishida ).…”