Phylogeny of the Ascaridoidea (Nematoda: Ascaridida) Based on Three Genes and Morphology: Hypotheses of Structural and Sequence Evolution

Nadler, Steven A.; Hudspeth, Deborah S. S.

doi:10.2307/3284785

Cited by 71 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Comparison of consistency indices for these LSU and mitochondrial datasets (0.66 versus 0.39, respectively) suggests that these mtDNA sequence characters are considerably more homoplastic than the LSU characters. This result reflects previous studies indicating that nematode mtDNA tends to be of less phylogenetic utility than nuclear genes (Blouin et al, 1998;Nadler & Hudspeth, 2000), although not in every case (Liu et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Phylogenetic relationships of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Nematoda: Cephalobina: Steinernematidae) based on nuclear, mitochondrial and morphological data

2006

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Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema are lethal parasites of insects that are used as biological control agents of several lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran pests. Phylogenetic relationships among 25 Steinernema species were estimated using nucleotide sequences from three genes and 22 morphological characters. Parsimony analysis of 28S (LSU) sequences yielded a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis with reliable bootstrap support for 13 clades. Parsimony analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences (12S rDNA and cox 1 genes) yielded phylogenetic trees with a lower consistency index than for LSU sequences, and with fewer reliably supported clades. Combined phylogenetic analysis of the 3-gene dataset by parsimony and Bayesian methods yielded well-resolved and highly similar trees. Bayesian posterior probabilities were high for most clades; bootstrap (parsimony) support was reliable for approximately half of the internal nodes. Parsimony analysis of the morphological dataset yielded a poorly resolved tree, whereas total evidence analysis (molecular plus morphological data) yielded a phylogenetic hypothesis consistent with, but less resolved than trees inferred from combined molecular data. Parsimony mapping of morphological characters on the 3-gene trees showed that most structural features of steinernematids are highly homoplastic. The distribution of nematode foraging strategies on these trees predicts that S. hermaphroditum, S. diaprepesi and S. longicaudum (US isolate) have cruise forager behaviours.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Phylogenetic relationships of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Nematoda: Cephalobina: Steinernematidae) based on nuclear, mitochondrial and morphological data

2006

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“…The highest percentages were found in the orders Ascaridida and Spirurida. Indeed, previous studies showed that substitution tended to be T in nematode mt genomes (Blouin et al 1998;Nadler and Hudspeth 2000). However, in the class Enoplea, consisting of the orders Dorylaimida, Trichocephalida, and Mermithida, the percentage approaches 50% and ranges between 39.6% (T. spiralis) and 55.1% (T. cosgrovei) with a median of 50.6%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete mitochondrial genome of the rodent intra-arterial nematodes Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Angiostrongylus costaricensis

Zhang

et al. 2012

Parasitol Res

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The two rodent intra-arterial nematodes, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Angiostrongylus costaricensis, can cause human ill-health. The present study aimed to characterize and compare the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of these two species, and clarify their phylogenetic relationship and the position in the phylum Nematoda. The complete mt genomes of A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis are 13,497 and 13,585 bp in length, respectively. Hence, they are the smallest in the class of Chromadorea characterized thus far. Like many nematode species in the class of Chromadorea, they encode 12 proteins, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs. All genes are located on the same strand. Nucleotide identity of the two mt genomes is 81.6%, ranging from 77.7% to 87.1% in individual gene pairs. Our mt genome-wide analysis identified three major gene arrangement patterns (II-1, II-2, and II-3) from 48 nematode mt genomes. Both patterns II-1 and II-2 are distinct from pattern II-3, which covers the Spirurida, supporting a closer relationship between Ascaridida and Strongylida rather than Spirurida. Thymine (T) was highly concentrated on coding strands in Chromadorea, but balanced between the two strands in Enoplea, probably due to the gene arrangement pattern. Interestingly, the gene arrangement pattern of mt genomes and phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated amino acids indicated a closer relationship between the order Ascaridida and Rhabditida rather than Spirurida as indicated in previous studies. These discrepancies call for new research, reassessing the position of the order of Ascaridida in the phylogenetic tree. Once consolidated, the findings are important for population genetic studies and target identification.

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“…The mitochondrial cox2 region was amplified using the forward primer 211 (5′-TTTTCTAGTTATATAGATTGRT TYAT-3′) and the reverse primer 210 (5′-CACCAACTCTT AAAATTATC-3′) (Nadler and Hudspeth 2000). PCR amplification was performed using 5.0 μl of template DNA (20-40 ng), 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3), 1.5 mM MgCl 2 (Bioline), 40 mM of a nucleotide mix (Promega), 50 pM/μl of each forward and reverse primer, and 1.0 U of BIOTAQ DNA Polymerase (Bioline) in a final volume of 50 μl.…”

Section: Pcr Amplification Of the Its Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and phylogeny of anisakid nematodes from cetaceans from southeastern Atlantic coasts of USA, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea

et al. 2011

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In the present study, 407 anisakid nematodes, collected from 11 different species of cetaceans of the families Delphinidae, Kogiidae, Physeteridae, and Ziphiidae, from the southeastern Atlantic coasts of USA, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea, were examined morphologically and genetically characterized by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism to identify them to species level, assess their relative frequencies in definitive hosts, and determine any host preference. Sequence data from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and mitochondrial cox2 genes were analysed by maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods, as separate and combined datasets, to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among taxa. The results revealed a highly diverse ascaridoid community. Seven Anisakis species and Pseudoterranova species were recovered as adult parasites. Larval forms of Contracaecum multipapillatum were also found in a coastal population of bottlenose dolphins. The phylogenetic trees obtained from the combined dataset (and most individual datasets) revealed the existence of distinct clades, the first including species of the Anisakis simplex complex (A. simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii, A. simplex C), (Anisakis nascettii, Anisakis ziphidarum) and the second including Pseudoterranova ceticola ((Anisakis paggiae, (Anisakis physeteris, Anisakis brevispiculata)). This finding, excluding the relationship of P. ceticola, is consistent with the morphology of adult and larval specimens. Considering the presence versus absence of an intestinal cecum, the relationship of P. ceticola with the members of the second clade of Anisakis appears inconsistent with morphological evidences but consistent with host preference. The position of Anisakis typica as the sister group to the two main anisakid clades indicates that it represents a third distinct lineage.

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Phylogeny of the Ascaridoidea (Nematoda: Ascaridida) Based on Three Genes and Morphology: Hypotheses of Structural and Sequence Evolution

Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

Phylogenetic relationships of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Nematoda: Cephalobina: Steinernematidae) based on nuclear, mitochondrial and morphological data

Phylogenetic relationships of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Nematoda: Cephalobina: Steinernematidae) based on nuclear, mitochondrial and morphological data

The complete mitochondrial genome of the rodent intra-arterial nematodes Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Angiostrongylus costaricensis

Molecular characterization and phylogeny of anisakid nematodes from cetaceans from southeastern Atlantic coasts of USA, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea

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