Phylogeny of the Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyceae): A Comparison of Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences from the Nucleus and the Chloroplast

Buchheim, Mark A.; Lemieux, Claude; Otis, Christian; Gutell, Robin R.; Chapman, Russell L.; Turmel, Monique

doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0034

Cited by 91 publications

(94 citation statements)

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“…Since an early flagellate phagocytosed a prokaryote (the future chloroplast) >1 billion years ago, green algae have evolved photosynthesis and autotrophism (75). Their radiation and division into the Streptophyta and Chlorophyta (76) has been corroborated by modern high-throughput chloroplast genome sequencing (77). Occupying a basal phylogenetic position are morphologically diverse species of freshwater and marine Prasinophytes, including the Pyramimonas species (20) studied here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…5). Changes in basal ultrastructure were major events (20), with the quadriflagellate condition arising multiple times; in fact, it is the quadriflagellates (e.g., Carteria) and not Chlamydomonad-type biflagellates that are considered basal to advanced volvocales (77,79). The advanced heterotrophic alga Polytomella, thought to have evolved by cell doubling along a direct line of descent from CR (80), displays the same trot gait as the ancestral P. parkeae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinated beating of algal flagella is mediated by basal coupling

Wan

Goldstein

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

166

193

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Cilia and flagella often exhibit synchronized behavior; this includes phase locking, as seen in Chlamydomonas, and metachronal wave formation in the respiratory cilia of higher organisms. Since the observations by Gray and Rothschild of phase synchrony of nearby swimming spermatozoa, it has been a working hypothesis that synchrony arises from hydrodynamic interactions between beating filaments. Recent work on the dynamics of physically separated pairs of flagella isolated from the multicellular alga Volvox has shown that hydrodynamic coupling alone is sufficient to produce synchrony. However, the situation is more complex in unicellular organisms bearing few flagella. We show that flagella of Chlamydomonas mutants deficient in filamentary connections between basal bodies display markedly different synchronization from the wild type. We perform micromanipulation on configurations of flagella and conclude that a mechanism, internal to the cell, must provide an additional flagellar coupling. In naturally occurring species with 4, 8, or even 16 flagella, we find diverse symmetries of basal body positioning and of the flagellar apparatus that are coincident with specific gaits of flagellar actuation, suggesting that it is a competition between intracellular coupling and hydrodynamic interactions that ultimately determines the precise form of flagellar coordination in unicellular algae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated beating of algal flagella is mediated by basal coupling

Wan

Goldstein

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

166

193

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“…Therefore, Ettl (1976Ettl ( , 1983 recognized only around 400 species. Phylogenetic analyses have clearly demonstrated that the traditional genus Chlamydomonas is polyphyletic (Buchheim et al, 1990(Buchheim et al, , 1996Hepperle et al, 1998) and can be split into eight independent, well-supported lineages within the socalled clockwise group of the Chlorophyceae (Pro¨schold et al, 2001;Pro¨schold & Leliaert, 2007). Taxonomic revision of the genus has been initiated by the typification of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard as the conserved type (Pro¨sc-hold & Silva, 2007) and by the description of two new genera Oogamochlamys and Lobochlamys (Pro¨schold et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic and species concepts inMicroglena(previously theChlamydomonas monadinagroup) revised using an integrative approach

Demchenko

Mikhailyuk

Coleman

et al. 2012

European Journal of Phycology

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Traditionally the genus Microglena Ehrenberg has been used to contain species that belong to the Chrysophyceae; however, the type species of Microglena, M. monadina, represents a green alga, which was later transferred to the genus Chlamydomonas. The taxonomic status of the genus has therefore remained unclear. We investigated 15 strains previously assigned to C. monadina and two marine species (C. reginae and C. uva-maris) using an integrative approach. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU and ITS rDNA sequences revealed that all strains form a monophyletic lineage within the Chlorophyceae containing species from different habitats. The strains studied showed similar morphology with respect to cell shape and size, but showed differences in chloroplast and pyrenoid structures. Some representatives of this group have the same type of sexual reproduction (homothallic advanced anisogamy). Three different morphotypes could be recognized. Strains belonging to type I have a cup-shaped chloroplast with a massive basal part, in which a large, single, ellipsoidal pyrenoid is located. The members of type II also have a cup-shaped chloroplast, which is partly lobed and has a thinner basal part than type I; here the pyrenoid is half-ring or horseshoe-shaped and occupies different positions in the chloroplast depending on the strain. The strains of type III have multiple pyrenoids, which appear to have developed from the subdivision of a single ring-shaped pyrenoid into several parts. We compared the results of our morphological investigations with the literature and found that 15 strains could be identified with existing species. Two strains did not fit with any described species. As a result of our study, we transfer all strains to the genus Microglena, propose 11 new combinations, and describe two new species. Comparison of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 secondary structures confirmed the species delineations. All species have characteristic compensatory base changes in their ITS secondary structures and are supported by ITS-2 DNA barcodes.

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“…Therefore, the main emphasis is placed on the genus Euglena (10 species), whereas the remaining genera are represented by three (Phacus), or only single species (the rest of the taxa). This is the first communication on the phylogeny of this group based on the chloroplast SSU rDNA (16S rDNA), commonly used to construct phylogenies of algae (Buchheim et al, 1996 ;Turner et al, 1989). Molecular phylogenies of euglenoids published so far were based on 18S rRNA (Montegut-Felkner & Triemer, 1997 ;Linton et al, 1999Linton et al, , 2000Preisfeld et al, 2000) or rbcL genes (Thompson et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the main emphasis is placed on the genus Euglena (10 species), whereas the remaining genera are represented by three (Phacus), or only single species (the rest of the taxa). This is the first communication on the phylogeny of this group based on the chloroplast SSU rDNA (16S rDNA), commonly used to construct phylogenies of algae (Buchheim et al, 1996 ; Turner et al, 1989 DNA isolation, amplification and sequencing. The total DNA was isolated from 20-30 mg centrifuged cells, using DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen), according to the manufacturer's protocol (with proteinase K addition).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast small-subunit rRNA genes of the genus Euglena Ehrenberg.

Milanowski¹,

Zakryś²,

Kwiatowski³

2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Almost complete sequences of plastid SSU rDNA (16S rDNA) from 17 species belonging to the order Euglenales (sensu Ne! meth, 1997 ; Shi et al., 1999) were determined and used to infer phylogenetic relationships between 10 species of Euglena, three of Phacus, and one of each of Colacium, Lepocinclis, Strombomonas, Trachelomonas and Eutreptia. The maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and distance analyses of the unambiguously aligned sequence fragments imply that the genus Euglena is not monophyletic. Parsimony and distance methods divide Euglenaceae into two sister groups. One comprises of representatives from the subgenera Phacus, Lepocinclis and Discoglena (sensu Zakrys! , 1986), whereas the other includes members of Euglena and Calliglena subgenera (sensu Zakrys! , 1986), intermixed with representatives of Colacium, Strombomonas and Trachelomonas. In all analyses subgenera Euglena -together with Euglena polymorpha (representative of the subgenus Calliglena) -and Discoglena -together with Phacus and Lepocinclis -form two well-defined clades. The data clearly indicate that a substantial revision of euglenoid systematics is very much required, nevertheless it must await while more information can be gathered, allowing resolution of outstanding relationships.Keywords : chloroplast SSU rDNA, Euglena, Calliglena, Discoglena, molecular phylogeny INTRODUCTIONThe euglenoid flagellates are an ancient, distinct group of protists related to kinetoplastids (Triemer & Farmer, 1991 ;Cavalier-Smith, 1981, 1993 Corliss, 1994 ; Dawson & Walne, 1994 ;Kivic & Walne, 1983 ;Montegut-Felkner & Triemer, 1997 ;Linton et al., 1999) comprising green and colourless forms. The origin of the euglenoid chloroplast is not entirely certain. Most likely, it is monophyletic in nature and obtained by secondary symbiosis from green algae (Gibbs, 1978(Gibbs, , 1981Morden et al., 1992 ; Delwiche & Palmer, 1997 Abbreviations : ML, maximum-likelihood ; MP, maximum-parsimony ; 16S rDNA, chloroplast SSU rDNA.The GenBank accession numbers for chloroplast SSU rDNA (16S rDNA) sequences reported in this papers are given in Methods.The genus Euglena consists of organisms highly diversified with respect to cell architecture. Species included within the genus represent almost entire morphological monad diversity encountered within green euglenoids. Such an immense variety provoked many authors to construct numerous intrageneric classifications. Klebs (1883), for example, described five ' types ' of Euglena (viridis, deses, oxyuris, spirogyra and acus) ; whereas Hansgirg (1892) -Felkner & Triemer, 1997 ;Linton et al., 1999Linton et al., , 2000Preisfeld et al., 2000 ; Thompson et al., 1995).We present here the phylogeny of 18 species of phototrophic euglenoids from the order Euglenales (Ne! meth, 1977 ;Shi et al., 1999), which are classified into several genera : Colacium Ehrenberg, Euglena Ehrenberg, Eutreptia Perty, Lepocinclis Perty, Phacus Dujardin, Strombomonas Deflandre and Trachelomonas Ehrenberg. We have conducted this work to investigate ...

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Phylogeny of the Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyceae): A Comparison of Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences from the Nucleus and the Chloroplast

Cited by 91 publications

References 4 publications

Coordinated beating of algal flagella is mediated by basal coupling

Coordinated beating of algal flagella is mediated by basal coupling

Generic and species concepts inMicroglena(previously theChlamydomonas monadinagroup) revised using an integrative approach

Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast small-subunit rRNA genes of the genus Euglena Ehrenberg.

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