Phylogeography of a living fossil: Pleistocene glaciations forced Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) into two refuge areas in China with limited subsequent postglacial expansion

Gong, Wei; Chen, Chuan; Dobeš, Christoph; Fu, Chengxin; Koch, Marcus A.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.003

Cited by 170 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This region has been presumed to be a long-term refuge for plant species in general because of its high diversity and endemism (Ying et al 1993;Wu and Wu 1996;Ying 2001;Wang et al 2009). Many ancient plant species, such as Cathaya argyrophylla, Emmenopterys henryi, C. japonicum, Tetracentron sinense, Ginkgo biloba, Thuja sutchuenensis and Metasequoia glyptostroboides, are found in this region (Ying et al 1993;Wang and Ge 2006;Gong et al 2008). Rather unexpectedly in this study, haplotype H13 grouped in the same lineage as H1 (HPGI) but was distributed outside of the Wuling Mts.…”

Section: Potential Glacial Refugiamentioning

confidence: 53%

Chloroplast DNA phylogeographic analysis reveals significant spatial genetic structure of the relictual tree Davidia involucrata (Davidiaceae)

et al. 2014

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The dove tree, Davidia involucrata Baill. (Davidiaceae), is a relict species endemic to China. Human activities and the strict requirements for seedling recruitments have led to the decline in number of individuals in extant natural populations of this species. In order to provide information for the design of conservation management strategies for D. involucrata, we investigated the phylogeographical pattern of this relict tree. Our sampling included 256 individuals from 32 natural populations of D. involucrata in China and we sequenced six chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) non-coding regions. We distinguished a total of 13 different cpDNA haplotypes. From the cpDNA variation in D. involucrata, we found a very high level of regional differentiation (F ST = 0.812) and a strong phylogeographical pattern (N ST = 0.996 [ G ST = 0.981, P \ 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis reveals three main cpDNA haplotype lineages and four population groups. The split between these geographical groups can be dated back from the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Nonoverlapping distribution of chloroplast haplotypes and high genetic differentiation among four distinct geographical groups suggest that D. involucrata probably survives in four separate glacial refugia. Our findings have an important implication for conservation of its genetic diversity. The deduced glacial survival areas for D. involucrata should be recognized as four ''evolutionary significant units'' and be considered as separate targets in conserving its genetic diversity.

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Section: Potential Glacial Refugiamentioning

confidence: 53%

Chloroplast DNA phylogeographic analysis reveals significant spatial genetic structure of the relictual tree Davidia involucrata (Davidiaceae)

et al. 2014

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“…However, this is still controlled by genes, and genetic factors play major roles [22][23][24]. China has many widely distributed ancient Ginkgo populations, which have abundant diversity [25,26], and many potential germplasm resources have been obtained from these populations. In the past, Ginkgo plantations of SMs were established without genetic selection in China, while variations in SMs concentrations have been found among different families, clones, etc., in some studies [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Concentrations of Major Secondary Metabolites in Ginkgo Leaves from Different Geographical Populations

Zhou

et al. 2017

Forests

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Ginkgo biloba L. is a well-known relict tree species and an important medicinal plant. Ginkgo is rich in secondary metabolites (SMs), mainly including flavonoids, lactones, and ginkgolic acid. The aim of this study was to determine variations in the concentrations of these SMs in Ginkgo leaves from different geographical populations. The SMs in the leaves of 298 clones from 10 geographical populations grafted under the same conditions were extracted and measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that there were significant differences in concentrations of SMs in leaves from different populations (p < 0.01). The concentrations of both flavonoids and lactones were significantly negatively correlated with that of ginkgolic acid. Altitude and annual rainfall were important factors influencing the concentrations of lactones, and the frost-free period influenced the concentration of isorhamnetin. Population Yingdianjie (YDJ) was ideal for the plantations from which medicinal flavonoids and lactones are extracted, followed by populations Xiaopu (XP), Anlu (AL) and Wuchuan (WC). As variations within each population were found, attention should be paid to selection within populations.

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“…Previous phylogeographic studies on subtropical China and adjacent areas suggest the existence of multiple refugia due to the diverse topography and relatively mild environment during the Pleistocene Gao et al 2007;Gong et al 2008a;Wang et al 2009). These multiple refugia have been proposed as hotspots for biodiversity conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of Quercus glauca (Fagaceae), a dominant tree of East Asian subtropical evergreen forests, based on three chloroplast DNA interspace sequences

Deng

Jiang

et al. 2014

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Historical geoclimatic events have shaped the distribution patterns and intraspecific divergence of plants. Numerous phylogeographical studies in China have focused on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas due to the complex topography and high species diversity, but the impact of Neogene events and Quaternary climatic change on the flora of subtropical China remains poorly understood. Quercus glauca, a widespread tree of East Asian subtropical evergreen forests, has rich fossil records dating back to the Neogene, and it provides a good model to explore the impact of paleogeoclimate changes on East Asian subtropical forests. We used three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic spacer regions and ecological niche modeling (ENM) to analyze the divergence pattern and demographic history of Q. glauca in China and Japan. A total of 33 haplotypes were detected. The phylogenetic analysis revealed two major haplotype lineages (Southwest China vs. Southeast China and East China Sea). The limited dispersal ability of seeds and complex topography resulted in the high total, inter-and intrapopulation haplotype diversity. The fossil-constrained BEAST analysis revealed a lineage diversification in the late Miocene-Pliocene. The formation of complex topography changes since Miocene in east Himalaya and adjacent area might be the key factor that triggered the intraspecific divergence of Q. glauca. Haplotype spatial distribution, ENM, mismatch distribution, and neutrality tests suggest that Q. glauca in Southeast China experiences expansion, and the current distribution in region III might be shaped by southward expansion from regions I and II after last glacial maximum (LGM). Regions I and II were the potential glacial refugia of Q. glauca.

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Phylogeography of a living fossil: Pleistocene glaciations forced Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) into two refuge areas in China with limited subsequent postglacial expansion

Cited by 170 publications

References 43 publications

Chloroplast DNA phylogeographic analysis reveals significant spatial genetic structure of the relictual tree Davidia involucrata (Davidiaceae)

Chloroplast DNA phylogeographic analysis reveals significant spatial genetic structure of the relictual tree Davidia involucrata (Davidiaceae)

Variation in the Concentrations of Major Secondary Metabolites in Ginkgo Leaves from Different Geographical Populations

Phylogeography of Quercus glauca (Fagaceae), a dominant tree of East Asian subtropical evergreen forests, based on three chloroplast DNA interspace sequences

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