Phylogeography of Loaches of the Genus Lefua (Balitoridae, Cypriniformes) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Mihara, Motohiro; Sakai, Takehiko; Nakao, Koushin; Martins, Leonardo de Oliveira; Hosoya, Kazumi; Miyazaki, Junichi

doi:10.2108/zsj.22.157

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Considering the validity of the rate, the estimated divergence time favors the hypothesis that vicariance of northeastern/southwestern P. esocinus occurred by uplifting of the Central Highlands in the Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene (Machida et al 2006), and does not support the hypothesis that vicariance occurred by formation of the eastern/western landmasses dating back to the Early Miocene (Setiamarga et al 2009). Some previous studies on freshwater fishes based on the traditional molecular clock approach also support the former hypothesis (Mihara et al 2005;Watanabe et al 2006). The latter hypothesis was proposed for two medaka regional groups whose distribution may not be equivalent to true northeastern/southwestern vicariance, because its northern group is restricted on the Sea of Japan side (Takehana et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…However, reliable estimation of their divergence time has not been available in most cases and some are controversial. For example, the northeastern-southwestern division is a major division for the Japanese freshwater fish fauna (Nishimura 1980;Watanabe 2012), and inter-and intraspecific genetic divergences in several fish groups are also associated with this division (Watanabe et al 2000;Mihara et al 2005). Although some attribute this divergence to the uplifting of mountains around the Fossa Magna (Central Highlands) in the Late Miocene-Pliocene (Watanabe et al 2006), others suggest that the differentiation occurred at the formation of the Japanese archipelago in the Early Miocene (Setiamarga et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptic divergence and phylogeography of the pike gudgeon Pseudogobio esocinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): a comprehensive case of freshwater phylogeography in Japan

2015

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To reveal the primary historical events that affected the geographic differentiation in freshwater organisms in the Japanese archipelago, we investigated the phylogeny and phylogeographic structure of the widely distributed freshwater fish Pseudogobio esocinus. We conducted comprehensive phylogeographic analyses based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene in 1,212 P. esocinus specimens from 201 locations in 136 river systems along with sequence data from related species. We also examined the entire cyt b sequence and three nuclear gene sequences for a subset of individuals to estimate the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times. Historical processes shaping the present phylogeographic patterns were inferred by the Bayesian skyline plot, mismatch distribution and nested clade phylogeographic analyses. The mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies showed that the Japanese P. esocinus was not monophyletic and consisted of three largely differentiated groups. Divided by the Central Highlands, two groups were distributed in southwestern Japan, with a third group in northeastern Japan. The estimated divergence time indicated that the framework of the present ranges of the three groups was formed during or before the Early Pliocene. In southwestern Japan, the two groups often occurred sympatrically and included several regional subgroups bounded by major mountain systems uplifted in the early Pleistocene, while in the northeastern Japanese group, recent (since about 0.3 million years ago) range expansion from the northwestern area was inferred. The results suggest the importance of the uplifting of the Central Highlands and interconnection with the continental area in the distribution and divergence of P. esocinus, which may have also influenced regional heterogeneity in the Japanese freshwater fauna. The contrasting phylogeographic patterns between northeastern and southwestern Japan probably reflect their topographic and geohistorical differences, and imply differences in the formation process of freshwater fauna between the two regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic divergence and phylogeography of the pike gudgeon Pseudogobio esocinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): a comprehensive case of freshwater phylogeography in Japan

2015

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“…It is distributed in the Tokai District and along the coast of the Seto Inland Sea and inhabits the upper reaches of mountain streams (Hosoya, 2003). Recently, it has been genetically grouped into two populations (Sanyo and Kii-Shikoku; Mihara et al, 2005). Lefua sp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spawning site of the fluvial eight-barbel loach, Lefua sp., in the natural environment

Aoyama¹,

Doi²

2006

Ichthyol Res

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The spawning site of the fluvial eight-barbel loach, Lefua sp. (sensu Hosoya, 1993; Japanese name: nagare-hotoke-dojo), an endangered species, was investigated by searching for fertilized eggs in June and July 1995-1997 in an upper reach of the Kako River, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We obtained one egg each by a random sampling with agitating the river bottom (80 trials) and by collecting drift samples (89 trials). This finding indicates that the eggs were not scattered on the bottom or into the water column after being spawned. Two individual males were observed to patrol around particular interstices occurring under the buried cobbles and under the boulders that formed the riverbank. Males pecked other individuals that approached around the interstices. We obtained 9 and 15 eggs, respectively, from two such interstices in only two collection trials. The interstices were suggested to function as the spawning sites of this endangered fish in nature. Materials and MethodsInvestigation site.-We set up an investigation section (about 45 m long and 0.5-2 m wide) at an upper reach of a headwater tributary of the Kako River (about 310 m altitude and 6.7% gradient), which flows into the Seto Inland Sea on the south coast of Honshu, Japan. The bottom of the section comprised sand, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders with water depth to 30 cm. The area adjacent to the section was mainly covered with a thick growth of coniferous trees, and aquatic plants were not seen within the section. As for coexisting fish, Rhinogobius flumineus was seen very rarely within 5 m from the downstream end of this section. Except for fishes, we also found the Tago's brown frog Rana (Rana) tagoi tagoi, a freshwater crab Geothelphusa dehaani, a fishing spider Dolomedes raptor, and larvae of aquatic insects, i.e., a flying dragon Anotogaster sieboldii, a dobsonfly Protohermes grandis, and plecopterans in the reach.To conduct individual identification and determine sex for Lefua sp. individuals occurring within the investigation section, we randomly captured individuals monthly, and took photographs of their abdomens according to the methods of Aoyama (2000). For individual identification, we used the natural variation in the pattern of abdominal white lines (Aoyama, 2000). We released each individual at the capture point after they had recovered from anesthetization required for photographing. To assess the condition of the gonad development of females, we compared the size and numbers of ovarian eggs observed through the abdominal skin from the photographs within 2 consecutive months. IchthyologicalResearch

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“…The genus Lefua was formerly in the family Cobitidae (Hosoya, 1993) but recently was placed in the family Balitoridae (Sakai et al, 2003;Mihara et al, 2005). Female-biased SSD has been reported in several species of loach of the families Cobitidae and Balitoridae (Kubota, 1961b;Lodi, 1967;Fujioka, 1973;Robotham, 1981;Rasotto, 1992;Takeuchi and Ota, 1993;Kano, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is distributed in the Tokai District and along the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, and inhabits the upper reaches of mountain streams (Hosoya, 2003). Recently, it has been genetically grouped into two populations (Sanyo and Kii-Shikoku) (Mihara et al, 2005). Lefua sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual size dimorphism, growth, and maturity of the fluvial eight-barbel loach in the Kako River, Japan

Aoyama¹

2007

Ichthyol Res

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The maturation and growth pattern of the fl uvial eight-barbel loach Lefua sp. (Japanese name: nagare-hotoke-dojo), an endangered species, was investigated using an individual identifi cation-recapture method from 1995 to 1998 in an upper reach of a headwater tributary of the Kako River, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Based on observations of the gonads through the abdominal skin, the loach was estimated to breed mostly from May to July. All the males matured by age 1 + , and all the females matured by age 2 + . Gamete release in all individuals of both males and females was predicted from recaptured loaches during each breeding season. The standard length of mature females was signifi cantly larger than that of males, showing sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The maximum sizes recorded were 75.4 mm SL for females and 61.2 mm SL for males. Both males and females of immature specimens grew mainly from May to November, including the breeding season, with no signifi cant differences in growth rates between them. After sexual maturity, both males and females grew mainly from July to October (or November), after the breeding season, and the females exhibited higher growth rates than males. Therefore, SSD of the species seems to be attributable to the different growth rates after maturity. The longevity of the loach was estimated to exceed ten years based on individual growth patterns of various sizes during the survey period. It is likely that the loach has an iteroparous life history, breeding every year, and moderate growth rates after maturity.

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Phylogeography of Loaches of the Genus Lefua (Balitoridae, Cypriniformes) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Cryptic divergence and phylogeography of the pike gudgeon Pseudogobio esocinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): a comprehensive case of freshwater phylogeography in Japan

Cryptic divergence and phylogeography of the pike gudgeon Pseudogobio esocinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): a comprehensive case of freshwater phylogeography in Japan

Spawning site of the fluvial eight-barbel loach, Lefua sp., in the natural environment

Sexual size dimorphism, growth, and maturity of the fluvial eight-barbel loach in the Kako River, Japan

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