Phylogeography, Population Structure, and Implications for Conservation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Venezuela

Moscarella, Rosa A.; Aguilera, Marisol; Escalante, Ananías A.

doi:10.1644/brb-028

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Odocoileus virginianus appeared 2 mya presumably as the descendant of O. brachyodontus, which originated in Central America and dispersed to higher latitudes only recently (Hershkovitz, 1972;Smith, 1991;Merino & Rossi, 2010). It has been assumed that Odocoileus virginianus evolved in North America; it was further suggested that all South American cervid fossils belong to Odocoileus and that Mazama later diverged as a consequence of isolation within South America (Smith et al, 1986;Moscarella, Aguilera & Escalante, 2003). This is in contrast with the most recent molecular topologies (Escobedo-Morales et al, 2016;Heckeberg et al, 2016;Gutiérrez et al, 2017) and this work ( Figs.…”

Section: Odocoileuscontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…This led to the classification of white tailed deer into two distinct groups, the cariacou-division and the virginianus-division (Wilson, Carlson & White, 1977;Smith et al, 1986;Groves & Grubb, 1987;Grubb, 1990). Odocoileus virginianus is a highly plastic species occupying a great variety of geographically and ecologically extensive habitats between Canada and Peru, however, extreme habitat differences do not necessarily lead to large morphological divergence (Smith et al, 1986;Moscarella, Aguilera & Escalante, 2003;Merino & Rossi, 2010;Duarte et al, 2012c). Introgression seems to be the likely explanation because natural hybridisation and interbreeding between both species of Odocoileus have been documented (Groves & Grubb, 2011;Hassanin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Odocoileusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

Heckeberg

2020

PeerJ

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Systematic relationships of cervids have been controversial for decades. Despite new input from molecular systematics, consensus could only be partially reached. The initial, gross (sub) classification based on morphology and comparative anatomy was mostly supported by molecular data. The rich fossil record of cervids has never been extensively tested in phylogenetic frameworks concerning potential systematic relationships of fossil cervids to extant cervids. The aim of this work was to investigate the systematic relationships of extant and fossil cervids using molecular and morphological characters and make implications about their evolutionary history based on the phylogenetic reconstructions. To achieve these objectives, molecular data were compiled consisting of five nuclear markers and the complete mitochondrial genome of 50 extant and one fossil cervids. Several analyses using different data partitions, taxon sampling, partitioning schemes, and optimality criteria were undertaken. In addition, the most extensive morphological character matrix for such a broad cervid taxon sampling was compiled including 168 cranial and dental characters of 41 extant and 29 fossil cervids. The morphological and molecular data were analysed in a combined approach and other comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions. The results showed that most Miocene cervids were more closely related to each other than to any other cervids. They were often positioned between the outgroup and all other cervids or as the sister taxon to Muntiacini. Two Miocene cervids were frequently placed within Muntiacini. Plio-and Pleistocene cervids could often be affiliated to Cervini, Odocoileini or Capreolini. The phylogenetic analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary history of cervids. Several fossil cervids could be successfully related to living representatives, confirming previously assumed affiliations based on comparative morphology and introducing new hypotheses. New systematic relationships were observed, some uncertainties persisted and resolving systematics within certain taxa remained challenging.

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Section: Odocoileuscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Odocoileusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

Heckeberg

2020

PeerJ

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“…This study examined the nucleotide diversity (Å = 0.00392 ± 0.00046) and haplotype diversity (h = 0.792 ± 0.037) among 71 samples of blue sheep collected from throughout the NHMNR. Molecular variation measured in terms of nucleotide diversity is an order of magnitude lower than corresponding values reported for four bovine species from similar studies based on variation in the mtDNA D-loop region: white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780); Å = 0.026; Moscarella et al 2003), Swayne's hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei; Å = 0.044 ± 0.022; Flagstad et al 2000), eastern roe deer (Capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771); Å = 0.012; Randi et al 1998), and eastern African buffalo (Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779); Å = 0.038 ± 0.002; Hooft et al 2002). Nevertheless, the levels of genetic diversity detected were similar to those in other species that have undergone bottlenecks, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817); h = 0.379 ± 0.016, Å = 0.0022 ± 0.0001; Fowler et al 2000), Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson, 1850; h = 0.718, Å = 0.0086; Li et al 2003), and white-breasted wood-wren (Henicorhina leucosticta (Cabanis, 1847); h = 0.75, Å = 0.0052 ± 0.0005; Brown et al 2004).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 57%

Mitochondrial DNA variation and matrilineal structure in blue sheep populations of Helan Mountain, China

et al. 2006

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (5' hypervariable region, 554 bp) sequences from 71 samples of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur Hodgson, 1833) collected from six study localities throughout Helan Mountain Nature Reserve in Ningxia province of China were investigated to analyse distribution patterns of genetic variability, elucidate matrilineal structure, and investigate population history. Haplotype diversity (h) among the 71 samples was estimated to be 0.792 ± 0.037, and nucleotide diversity (Å) was relatively low (0.00392 ± 0.00046). A 2 contingency analysis of all mtDNA haplotype frequencies revealed that these haplotypes were distributed in a nonrandom fashion among study localities ( 2 = 86.205, P = 0.092). Additional evidence of matrilineal structure was provided by the finding that a significant amount (9.02%; P < 0.01) of mtDNA variation was partitioned among different localities in the study area. We conclude that blue sheep of Helan Mountain Nature Reserve are structured spatially along matrilines. Pairwise computations of Èst and an AMOVA indicated that some sampling localities are differentiated relative to a random collection of genotypes and reflected differences in the spatial distribution of genetic variation. Isolation-by-distance (IBD) models (Mantel tests) revealed no obvious association between genetic differentiation and geographical distance. These results could be a basis for the development of suitable management strategies for conservation purposes. This work represents the first analysis of blue sheep mitochondrial control region DNA to be performed from a population genetics perspective.Résumé : Nous avons étudié les séquences des régions de contrôle de l'ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt) (région hypervariable 5') dans 71 échantillons de bharals de l'Himalaya (Pseudois nayaur Hodgson, 1833) prélevés dans six localités d'étude réparties dans toute la Réserve naturelle du mont Helan dans la province de Ning-hsia en Chine afin d'analyser les patrons de répartition de la variation génétique, déterminer la structure matrilinéaire et étudier l'histoire de la population. Nous estimons la diversité des haplotypes (h) dans les 71 échantillons à 0,792 ± 0,037 et la diversité des nucléotides (Å) à 0,00392 ± 0,00046, une valeur relativement basse. Une analyse de contingence de 2 de toutes les fréquences des haplotypes de l'ADNmt montre que ces haplotypes ne sont pas répartis de façon aléatoire dans les localités d'étude ( 2 = 86,205, P = 0,092). Une partie significative (9,02 %; P < 0,01) de la variation de l'ADNmt est répartie entre les différ-entes localités de la région d'étude, ce qui appuie aussi l'existence d'une structure matrilinéaire. Nous concluons que les populations de la Réserve naturelle du mont Helan sont structurées dans l'espace d'après des lignées maternelles. Les calculs paire par paire de È st et une AMOVA indiquent que certains points d'échantillonnage se différentient d'une collection aléatoire de génotypes, ce qui reflète les différences de répartition spatiale de la variation gé...

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“…We selected up to 30 individuals at random from each population for mitochondrial DNA analysis. We selected the mtDNA control region as a genetic marker because it has proven useful for population-level studies and because of its sensitivity to population bottlenecks and genetic drift due to a lower effective population size than the nuclear genome (e.g., Luikart et al 1998, Rooney et al 2001, Vernesi et al 2002, Moscarella et al 2003. We amplified the control region using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and oligonucleotide primers: 283-5 0 -TACACTGGTCTTGTAAACC-3 0 and 1115-5 0 -ATGACCCTGAAGAARGAACCAG-3 0 (Bickham et al 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable breeding dates among populations of white‐tailed deer in the southern United States: The legacy of restocking?

Sumners¹,

Demarais²,

DeYoung

et al. 2015

J Wildl Manag

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Reproduction is timed so that parturition coincides with optimal conditions for offspring survival, with strong fitness implications in northern regions. However, in the southern United States the breeding season of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is relatively heterogeneous over short distances. To test the hypothesis that genetic differences account for heterogeneity in breeding dates, we compared the degree of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite DNA differentiation among 6 pairs of adjacent populations with breeding dates differing by an average of 35 days (DBD group) and 4 pairs of populations displaying similar breeding dates (SBD group) differing by no more than 2 days. Average mtDNA differentiation between pairs in the DBD group (F ST ¼ 0.408, SD ¼ 0.190) was larger (P ¼ 0.03) than for the SBD group (F ST ¼ 0.140, SD ¼ 0.092). The average differentiation at biparentally inherited microsatellite loci within the SBD group (F ST ¼ 0.028, SD ¼ 0.021) did not differ from that observed for the DBD group (F ST ¼ 0.047, SD ¼ 0.024; P ¼ 0.200). The similarity at biparentally inherited loci suggests that there are no cryptic barriers and populations are connected by male dispersal. The greater differences in mtDNA lineages between geographically proximate populations in the DBD group imply a maternal genetic effect on the timing of breeding, likely maintained by female philopatry. We hypothesize that this difference is a genetic legacy of restocking efforts and the recovery of remnant localized populations. Translocation efforts require careful consideration of differences between source and recipient populations. Breeding dates that differ among some proximate southern deer populations may be a fixed trait that must be considered when establishing management objectives and harvest criteria. Ó 2015 The Wildlife Society.

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Phylogeography, Population Structure, and Implications for Conservation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Venezuela

Cited by 27 publications

References 55 publications

The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach

Mitochondrial DNA variation and matrilineal structure in blue sheep populations of Helan Mountain, China

Variable breeding dates among populations of white‐tailed deer in the southern United States: The legacy of restocking?

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