Physical activity and prevalence of diabetes in Melanesian and Indian men in Fiji

Taylor, Richard; Ram, Parshu; Zimmet, Paul; Raper, L. R.; Ringrose, Helen

doi:10.1007/bf00276971

Cited by 116 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This implies that other regulatory factors are also involved in decreasing insulin-stimulated glucose utilization in McArdle patients. Reduced physical activity is a natural implication of McArdle's disease and could play a role in the development of insulin resistance in this group of patients (14,15,19,37). However, indicators of reduced physical activity (increased resting heart rate or altered body composition) were not present in the patients compared with the sedentary controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Decreased insulin action in skeletal muscle from patients with McArdle's disease

Nielsen

Vissing

Wojtaszewski

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Insulin action is decreased by high muscle glycogen concentrations in skeletal muscle. Patients with McArdle's disease have chronic high muscle glycogen levels and might therefore be at risk of developing insulin resistance. In this study, six patients with McArdle's disease and six matched control subjects were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test and a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. The muscle glycogen concentration was 103 Ϯ 45% higher in McArdle patients than in controls. Four of six McArdle patients, but none of the controls, had impaired glucose tolerance. The insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and the insulin-stimulated increase in glycogen synthase activity during the clamp were significantly lower in the patients than in controls (51.3 Ϯ 6.0 vs. 72.6 Ϯ 13.1 mol ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ kg lean body mass Ϫ1 , P Ͻ 0.05, and 53 Ϯ 15 vs. 79 Ϯ 9%, P Ͻ 0.05, n ϭ 6, respectively). The difference in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity between the pairs was significantly correlated (r ϭ 0.96, P Ͻ 0.002) with the difference in muscle glycogen level. The insulinstimulated increase in Akt phosphorylation was smaller in the McArdle patients than in controls (45 Ϯ 13 vs. 76 Ϯ 13%, P Ͻ 0.05, respectively), whereas basal and insulinstimulated glycogen synthase kinase 3␣ and protein phosphatase-1 activities were similar in the two groups. Furthermore, the ability of insulin to decrease and increase fat and carbohydrate oxidation, respectively, was blunted in the patients. In conclusion, these data show that patients with McArdle's glycogen storage disease are insulin resistant in terms of glucose uptake, glycogen synthase activation, and alterations in fuel oxidation. The data further suggest that skeletal muscle glycogen levels play an important role in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity. glycogen synthase; protein phosphatase; glycogen synthase kinase 3; glucose clamp technique; glycogen storage disease type V SKELETAL MUSCLE serves as the major site of whole body insulin-mediated glucose disposal (10). The two main metabolic end points for insulin action are glucose uptake across the plasma membrane and glycogen synthesis, both of which can be dysfunctional in different pathophysiological conditions of insulin resistance (9). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired muscular insulin are not fully elucidated. Studies investigating the function of different insulin-signaling molecules as possible sites of dysfunction have so far been inconclusive (34,43). It has, however, been shown that, in humans, glycogen exerts a negative effect on the ability of insulin to increase muscle glycogen synthase activity (7,21,28), but the effect of glycogen levels on insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake has not been studied. In rodent skeletal muscle studied in vitro, glycogen synthase activity and glucose transport are decreased by glycogen loading and increased by glycogen depletion. There is evidence that protein kinase B/Akt plays a role in this regulation (...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Decreased insulin action in skeletal muscle from patients with McArdle's disease

Nielsen

Vissing

Wojtaszewski

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…These factors have contributed to the replacement of most of the traditional diet with a Western-style diet, which is high in carbohydrates and saturated fats, and low in essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids (11,16,46,(61)(62)(63)(64)(65). These changes in diet, in combination with other changes in lifestyle (44,52,66,67), have led to significant increases in diseases in circumpolar people, including obesity (26,28,63,(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71), diabetes (26,28,63,72,73), cardiovascular diseases (28,47,74,75), and dental disease (70,76). These chronic diseases may also affect mental health (77,78).…”

Section: Changes In Traditional Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and mental health in the Arctic: is diet an important risk factor for mental health in circumpolar peoples? - a review

McGrath-Hanna¹,

Greene

Tavernier

et al. 2003

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Background. The people living in Arctic and Subarctic environments have adapted to cold temperatures, short growing seasons, and low precipitation, but their traditional ways are now changing due to increased contact with Western society. The rapid alteration of circumpolar cultures has led to generational changes in diet from traditional foods to the processed groceries common in modern stores. Objectives. Develop a link between changing traditional diets and mental health that may have substantial consequences for circumpolar peoples. Methods. Review of English language literature pertaining to the northern circumpolar environments of the world that consist of the Arctic and Subarctic areas. Electronic resources such as ISI Web of Science and PubMed were utilized, using keywords such as arctic, circumpolar, diet, omega-3 fatty acids, mental health, seasonal affective disorder, and suicide. In addition, we used the cited references of obtained articles and the extensive University of Alaska Fairbanks library collections to identify additional publications that were not available from the electronic resources. The years covered were not restricted to any particular period, although 83% of the sources were published in the last 16 years. Conclusion. The change in traditional diets has already led to increased health problems, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, while the mental health of circumpolar peoples has also declined substantially during the same time period. The decline in mental health is characterized by increased rates of depression, seasonal affective disorder, anxiety, and suicide, that now often occur at higher rates than in lower-latitude populations. Studies in non-circumpolar peoples have shown that diet can have profound effects on neuronal and brain development, function, and health. Therefore, we hypothesize that diet is an important risk factor for mental health in circumpolar peoples.

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“…Ph ysical activity increases insulin sensit iv ity (103,112), and regular endurance exerc ise induces we ight loss and posit ive changes in glucose metabolism (59,100). Ph ysical activity has also been in versely assoc iated with the preva lence of diabetes in several cross-sectional studies (37,58,78,116). Direct evidence of a protective role of physica l activity aga inst NIDDM has been demonstrated in a prospective study of Univers ity of Pennsylvan ia alumni (47,89).…”

Section: Diabetes (Niddm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much Physical Activity Is Good For Health

Blair¹

1992

Annual Review of Public Health

114

106

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Physical activity and prevalence of diabetes in Melanesian and Indian men in Fiji

Cited by 116 publications

References 10 publications

Decreased insulin action in skeletal muscle from patients with McArdle's disease

Decreased insulin action in skeletal muscle from patients with McArdle's disease

Diet and mental health in the Arctic: is diet an important risk factor for mental health in circumpolar peoples? - a review

How Much Physical Activity Is Good For Health

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