Physical activity and risk of endometrial cancer: The European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Abstract

The etiologic role of physical activity in endometrial cancer risk remains unclear given the few epidemiologic studies that have been conducted. To investigate this relation more fully, an analysis was undertaken in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). During an average 6.6 years of follow-up, 689 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified from an analytic cohort within EPIC of 253,023 women. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between type of activity (total, occupational, household, recreational) and endometrial cancer risk. For total activity, women in Grant sponsor: European Commission (SANCO);

Plasma phyto-oestrogens and prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

“…We were also able to assess exposure to specific phytooestrogens, which is particularly important as individual phytooestrogens have been found to differ in their biological activity, (Magee and Rowland, 2004) and the phyto-oestrogens absorbed through the intestine are dependent not only on dietary intake of phyto-oestrogens and their precursors, but also on the activity of intestinal bacteria that metabolise phyto-oestrogens (Rowland et al, 2003). Further strengths of this study include the large sample size and the varied dietary habits of the study population, linked with variation in plasma phyto-oestrogens levels across the different countries participating in the study (Peeters et al, 2007).…”

“…These variables were smoking (never, past and present), body mass index (BMI, kg m -2 ; in fourths), physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive and active) (Friedenreich et al, 2007) (we combined the 'moderately active' and 'active' categories), alcohol intake (o8, 8 -15, 16 -39, X40 g per day), marital status (married/cohabiting or not married/ cohabiting) and education level (primary or none, secondary and degree level). For each of these variables a small proportion of values was unknown; these values were included in the analyses as a separate category.…”

Eating out of home: energy, macro- and micronutrient intakes in 10 European countries. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

“…In most centres, the baseline examination included the completion of detailed questionnaires on diet, medical history and lifestyle (including questions on physical activity and smoking), as well as anthropometric measurements. Data collection at baseline followed standardized procedures that have been described elsewhere (Haftenberger et al, 2002a, b;Riboli et al, 2002;Friedenreich et al, 2007). Eight of the 27 participating centres and regions had only female participants: all four regions in France, one centre in Italy, one centre in the Netherlands and both regions in Norway.…”

Intake of total, animal and plant proteins, and their food sources in 10 countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

“…Data on other lifestyle factors, including educational level, total physical activity and smoking history, considered in this analysis were collected at baseline through standardized questionnaires and clinical examinations, and have been described for the calibration sample elsewhere (Riboli et al, 2002;Slimani et al, 2002a;Friedenreich et al, 2007;Haftenberger et al, 2002a, b). Data on age, as well as on body weight and height, were self-reported by participants during the 24-HDR interview.…”