Physical Activity and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Elderly Persons

Laurin, Danielle; Verreault, René; Lindsay, Joan; MacPherson, Kathleen; Rockwood, Kenneth

doi:10.1001/archneur.58.3.498

Cited by 1,286 publications

(919 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Similarly, a prospective study also demonstrated that physical activity was protective against the development of cognitive impairment, AD, and any types of dementia, and that the highest activity group showed a 60% decrease in the incidence of AD [8] .…”

Section: Exercise Decreases Risks Of Alzheimer's Disease (Ad)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health

2008

Neurosci. Bull.

128

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This article reviewed the beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise on brain health according to the studies on humans and animals, which includes improving psychological status and cognitive function, enhancing psychological well-being, decreasing the risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, and promoting the effects of antidepressant and anxiolytic. The possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms are involved up-active and down-active pathways. The up-active pathway is associated with enhancements of several neurotransmitters systems afferent to hippocampus, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The down-active pathway is mainly concerned with up-regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurogenesis. It is suggested that NE activation via β-adrenergic receptors may be essential for exercise-induced BDNF up-regulation. The possible intracellular signaling pathways of NE-mediated BDNF up-expression may be involved in GPCR-MAPK-PI-3K crosstalk and positive feedback.

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Section: Exercise Decreases Risks Of Alzheimer's Disease (Ad)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health

2008

Neurosci. Bull.

128

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show abstract

“…Exercise is reported to improve cognitive function, reduce the risk of developing cognitive impairment and reduce neuropathology in humans or in animal models [3,61,69,115]. In aging dogs, behavioral enrichment leads to significant improvements in visual discrimination learning and frontal-dependent reversal learning [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic identification of brain proteins in the canine model of human aging following a long-term treatment with antioxidants and a program of behavioral enrichment: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease

Opii

Joshi

Head

et al. 2008

Neurobiology of Aging

176

135

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Aging and age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are usually accompanied by oxidative stress as one of the main mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Aging canines develop cognitive dysfunction and neuropathology similar to those seen in humans, and the use of antioxidants results in reductions in oxidative damage and in improvement in cognitive function in this canine model of human aging. In the present study, the effect of a longterm treatment with an antioxidant fortified diet and a program of behavioral enrichment on oxidative damage was studied in aged canines. To identify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these treatment effects, the parietal cortex from 23 beagle dogs (8.1-12.4 years) were treated for 2.8 years in one of four treatment groups: i.e., control food-control behavioral enrichment (CC); control food -behavioral enrichment (CE); antioxidant food-control behavioral enrichment (CA); and enriched environment -antioxidant fortified food (EA). We analyzed the levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyroine (3NT), and the lipid peroxidation product, 4- Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeurobiol Aging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 January 1. Published in final edited form as:Neurobiol Aging. 2008 January ; 29(1): 51-70. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript hydroxynonenal (HNE), and observed a decrease in their levels on all treatments when compared to control, with the most significant effects found in the combined treatment, EA. Since EA treatment was most effective, we also carried out a comparative proteomics study to identify specific brain proteins that were differentially expressed and used a parallel redox proteomics approach to identify specific brain proteins that were less oxidized following EA. The specific protein carbonyl levels of glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD (P)], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), α-enolase, neurofilament triplet L protein, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and fascin actin bundling protein were significantly reduced in brain of EA-treated dogs compared to control. We also observed significant increases in expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, creatine kinase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increased expression of these proteins and in particular Cu/Zn SOD correlated with improved cognitive function. In addition, there was a significant increas...

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“…Participation in physical activity may thus lower the risk of cognitive decline and dementia by improving cognitive reserve. 13,15,16,18,50,89,90 Higher cognitive reserve may help the subject engage in regular physical activity to cope with the first cognitive symptoms of AD. This effect may delay the onset of the clinical manifestations of the disease, which may become apparent only later.…”

Section: Basic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

Rolland¹,

Kan²,

Vellas³

2010

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

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Physical Activity and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Elderly Persons

Abstract: Regular physical activity could represent an important and potent protective factor for cognitive decline and dementia in elderly persons.

Cited by 1,286 publications

References 53 publications

Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health

Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health

Proteomic identification of brain proteins in the canine model of human aging following a long-term treatment with antioxidants and a program of behavioral enrichment: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease

Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

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