Physical Activity Modulating Lipid Metabolism in Gallbladder Diseases

Shanmugam, Harshitha; Molina, Emilio; Palo, Domenica Maria Di; Faienza, Maria Felicia; Ciaula, Agostino Di; Garruti, Gabriella; Wang, David Q.–H.; Portincasa, Piero

doi:10.15403/jgld-544

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…[26] Physical activity has both direct effects on the gallbladder to decrease cholesterol saturation, mucin secretion, gallbladder wall inflammation, and cholesterol crystallization and to increase gallbladder motility, as well as beneficial indirect effects on serum lipid profiles and hepatic, intestinal, and systemic factors involved in lipid metabolism and cholelithiasis. [27] In our analysis of relationships with diagnosed gallstone disease or gallbladder surgery in NHANES 2017-March 2020, we found associations with established gallstone disease risk factors such as older age, female sex, higher BMI, and a diabetes diagnosis, and an inverse relationship with non-Hispanic Black race-ethnicity. Non-Hispanic Asians, who were not identified in NHANES III, but have been oversampled in NHANES 2017-March 2020, allowing us to study their gallstone disease prevalence, were only half as likely to have diagnosed gallstones or cholecystectomy compared with non-Hispanics Whites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Increased physical activity was associated with lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in US prospective studies of men and women,23–25 but not in all reports 26. Physical activity has both direct effects on the gallbladder to decrease cholesterol saturation, mucin secretion, gallbladder wall inflammation, and cholesterol crystallization and to increase gallbladder motility, as well as beneficial indirect effects on serum lipid profiles and hepatic, intestinal, and systemic factors involved in lipid metabolism and cholelithiasis 27…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing gallstone disease prevalence and associations with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality in the US

Ruhl

2023

Hepatology

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Background and Aims: We examined gallbladder and biliary tract mortality predictors in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988-1994, with 31 years of linked mortality data, and gallstone disease prevalence trends and associations in NHANES 2017-March 2020 prepandemic data. Approach and Results: In NHANES 1988-1994, 18,794 participants were passively followed for mortality, identified by death certificate underlying or contributing causes, by linkage to the National Death Index through 2019. In NHANES 2017-March 2020, gallstone disease history was ascertained from 9232 adults. During NHANES 1988-2019 follow-up (median, 23.3 y), 8580 deaths occurred from all causes and 72 deaths with gallbladder or biliary tract disease. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, older age, male sex, prediabetes or diabetes, and physical inactivity were associated with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality, and non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American race-ethnicity were inversely associated. Between 1988-1994 and 2017-March 2020, gallstone disease prevalence increased from 7.4% to 13.9% and gallbladder surgery from 6.0% to 11.6%. In 2017-March 2020 in multivariable-adjusted analysis, female sex, diabetes, liver disease, proton pump inhibitors, abdominal pain, increased age, BMI, and liver stiffness were associated with gallstone disease, and non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic Asian race and alcohol were inversely associated. Conclusions: In the US population, gallstone disease prevalence doubled over 3 decades, possibly because of the worsening of metabolic risk factors and growth of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallbladder and biliary tract mortality and gallstone disease associations included factors such as prediabetes or diabetes, liver stiffness and proton pump inhibitors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing gallstone disease prevalence and associations with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality in the US

Ruhl

2023

Hepatology

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“…A trained clinical dietitian assessed each recorded food. The WinFood software (Medimatica, Martinsicuro, Teramo, Italy), based on the Italian food composition tables, was then used for the estimation of nutrient and caloric intake 6–8 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility

Abdallah,

Khalil,

Farella

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Investigation

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BackgroundRamadan is a model of intermittent fasting linked with possible beneficial effects. Scarce information, however, is available about the combined effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on anthropometric and metabolic indices, gastrointestinal symptoms, and motility.MethodsIn 21 healthy Muslims, we assessed the impact of RIF on caloric intake, physical activity, gastrointestinal symptoms and motility (gastric/gallbladder emptying by ultrasonography, orocaecal transit time by lactulose breath test), anthropometric indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness (ultrasonography), glucose and lipid homeostasis.ResultsMean caloric intake decreased from a median of 2069 kcal (range 1677–2641) before Ramadan to 1798 kcal (1289–3126) during Ramadan and increased again to 2000 kcal (1309–3485) after Ramadan. Although physical activity remained stable before, during, and after RIF, body weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased in all subjects and in both genders, together with a significant decrease in subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness and insulin resistance. The postprandial gastric emptying speed was significantly faster after than before RIF. Fasting gallbladder volume was about 6% smaller after, than before Ramadan, with a stronger and faster postprandial gallbladder contraction. After RIF, lactulose breath test documented increased microbiota carbohydrate fermentation (postprandial H2 peak), and faster orocaecal transit time. RIF also significantly improved gastric fullness, epigastric pain and heartburn.ConclusionsRIF generates, in healthy subjects, multiple systemic beneficial effects in terms of fat burden, metabolic profile, gastrointestinal motility and symptoms. Further comprehensive studies should assess the potential beneficial effects of RIF in diseased people.

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“…According to AASLD guidelines, systematic screening for NAFLD is not advisable at this time, since there is no consensus about the true cost-effectiveness of the screening [ 16 , 26 ]. In addition, there is no licensed or registered pharmacotherapy for NAFLD and management remains focused on healthy lifestyles as previously discussed by our group [ 45 , 46 , 67 ]. Early identification of risk factors associated with NAFLD progression is therefore paramount to delay or prevent the consequences related to advanced liver disease.…”

Section: General Aspects Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria Matter: Systemic Aspects of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Diagnostic Assessment of Liver Function by Stable Isotope Dynamic Breath Tests

Ciaula

Calamita

Shanmugam

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The liver plays a key role in systemic metabolic processes, which include detoxification, synthesis, storage, and export of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The raising trends of obesity and metabolic disorders worldwide is often associated with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become the most frequent type of chronic liver disorder with risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver mitochondria play a key role in degrading the pathways of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and xenobiotics, and to provide energy for the body cells. The morphological and functional integrity of mitochondria guarantee the proper functioning of β-oxidation of free fatty acids and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Evaluation of the liver in clinical medicine needs to be accurate in NAFLD patients and includes history, physical exam, imaging, and laboratory assays. Evaluation of mitochondrial function in chronic liver disease and NAFLD is now possible by novel diagnostic tools. “Dynamic” liver function tests include the breath test (BT) based on the use of substrates marked with the non-radioactive, naturally occurring stable isotope 13C. Hepatocellular metabolization of the substrate will generate 13CO2, which is excreted in breath and measured by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. Breath levels of 13CO2 are biomarkers of specific metabolic processes occurring in the hepatocyte cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. 13C-BTs explore distinct chronic liver diseases including simple liver steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug, and alcohol effects. In NAFLD, 13C-BT use substrates such as α-ketoisocaproic acid, methionine, and octanoic acid to assess mitochondrial oxidation capacity which can be impaired at an early stage of disease. 13C-BTs represent an indirect, cost-effective, and easy method to evaluate dynamic liver function. Further applications are expected in clinical medicine. In this review, we discuss the involvement of liver mitochondria in the progression of NAFLD, together with the role of 13C-BT in assessing mitochondrial function and its potential use in the prevention and management of NAFLD.

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Physical Activity Modulating Lipid Metabolism in Gallbladder Diseases

Cited by 8 publications

References 139 publications

Increasing gallstone disease prevalence and associations with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality in the US

Increasing gallstone disease prevalence and associations with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality in the US

Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility

Mitochondria Matter: Systemic Aspects of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Diagnostic Assessment of Liver Function by Stable Isotope Dynamic Breath Tests

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