Physical Activity, Obesity, and Hypertension among Adults in a Rapidly Urbanised City

Abstract

Background. Few studies have explored the relationship between the level of physical activity and the occurrence or prevalence of obesity and hypertension among people residing in urbanised areas. Method. A cross-sectional study involving a sample of 1,001 adults was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic variables, physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI), and prevalence of hypertension. Logistic regression models were adopted to investigate the relationship between these factors. Results. A total of 939 respondents who provided valid responses were included. Among them, 56.5% of the participants reported engaging in high levels of physical activity. However, 40.4% of the respondents were classified as overweight or obese, and 31.9% had diagnosed hypertension. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, logistic regression analysis revealed that physical activity levels were negatively correlated with the prevalence of BMI (OR = 0.564, 95% CI: 0.352–0.905; OR = 0.583, 95% CI: 0.375–0.907) and hypertension (OR = 0.556, 95% CI: 0.348–0.888). Conclusions. Our study confirms recent evidence regarding the amount of physical activity that is associated with lower prevalence of obesity and hypertension in Pingshan District. Furthermore, different physical activities of various intensity levels had different effects on hypertension. Residents should be encouraged to engage in physical activities and maintain a healthy weight to improve their quality of life.

Physical Activity and Body Mass Index Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Outpatient Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia

“…The level of PA was categorized based on the IPAQ scoring protocol (9). There were three categorical scores low PA (category 1), moderate PA (category 2), and high PA (category 3).…”

“…Physical activity promotes circulation to the brain and indirectly helps reduce cognitive impairment resulting from hypertension (7)(8). Previous studies showed a positive relationship between the level of PA and blood pressure (9) and it was notable the reduction in blood pressure until 24 hours post-exercise (10). Therefore, regular PA is needed as a method to maintain blood pressure.…”

Tingkat Sirkulasi Kadar Interleukin 6 (Il-6) Perempuan Obesitas pada Latihan Kontinyu Intensitas Moderate

“…Obesitas merupakan penyakit multifactorial ypada decade ini mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan (Dun et al, 2021), yang berdampak terhadap peningkatan mortalitas dan modibilitas (Ratchford et al, 2022). Obesitas juga berkaitan dengan tingginya makronutrien dijaringan adiposa yang akan merangsang pelepasan adipokin inflamasi seperti interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), (Yang, 2019) monosit chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), dan resistin yang mengarah ke keadaan peradangan kronis pada invidu obesitas, Jaringan adiposa bertanggung jawab untuk sekresi adipokin seperti adiponektin, leptin, dan resistin, serta faktor imun seperti TNF-α, IL-6, dan plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (Garber, 2019).…”

“…Obesitas merupakan gambaran penting yang menarik berkaitan dengan peningkatan sindroma metabolic dan peningkatan obesitas tidak hanya dikaitkan dengan beberapa penyakit, tetapi juga dikaitkan dengan proses inflmasi kronis (Dun et al, 2021) dan peningkatan IL-6. obesitas sangat berkorelasi positif dengan peradangan kronis, (Kistner et al, 2022), mengalami infiltrasi makrofag jaringan adiposa yang mengarah pada produksi sitokin seperti IL-6.…”

“…Penelitian lain juga melaporkan adanya korelasi yang positif antara indek masa tubuh dengan sirkulasi IL-6 (Philippou et al, 2019) dan juga diketemukan korelasi yang positif kadar IL-6 dengan tingkat resistensi insulin pada seseorang yang menederita kegemukan (Docherty et al, 2022). Karena itu peningkatan IL-6 pada individu obesitas dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan resiko komplikasi kardiovaskuler, resistensi insulin, dan diabetes tipe 2 (Dun et al, 2021) Namun IL-6 yang diinduksi latihan dapat meningkatkan oksidasi lemak, yang akan berdampak terhadap metabolisme jaringan adiposa, peningkatan kapasitas oksidatif dan pengambilan glukosa, sehingga menurunkan masa lemak dan mencegah terjadinya resistensi insulin (Philippou et al, 2019). Latihan akan meningkatkan kontraksi otot rangka, yang akan meningkatkan metabolism (Muscella et al, 2020).…”