Physical and blood‐contacting properties of polyurethanes based on a sulfonic acid‐containing diol chain extender

Abstract

Polyurethanes chain extended with N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethane-sulfonic acid (BES) were synthesized. The effect of the sulfonic acid group on the polymers' bulk, surface, and blood-contacting properties was evaluated by comparing the BES-based polymers with polyurethanes based on N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA). In addition, the effect of soft-segment polarity was addressed by comparing polyurethanes based on polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) (MW = 1000) with polymers based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) (MW = 1000). The EDEA control samples had physical properties similar to a viscous fluid. The presence of the sulfonic acid group dramatically enhanced the degree of microphase separation and the mechanical strength of all the polymers. The more polar PEO soft segment resulted in polymers which were more phase mixed than the PTMO-based polyurethanes. Surface characterization studies revealed that in vacuum, all the surfaces were enriched in the polyether soft-segment phase. After 24-h equilibration in water, all the surfaces had similar surface polarities independent of the SO3H content. The canine ex vivo blood-contacting results showed that the sulfonic acid group in the PTMO-based polymers significantly reduced the number and activation of the adherent platelets. Fibrinogen deposition, however, increased with increasing sulfonic acid content. In contrast, platelet and fibrinogen deposition on the sulfonic acid-containing PEO-based polymers was greatly enhanced.

Ozone‐induced grafting of a sulfoammonium zwitterionic polymer onto low‐density polyethylene film for improving hemocompatibility

“…10,11 It has also been reported that low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films graft-copolymerized with N,NЈ-dimethyl(methacryloylethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAPS; a zwitterionic monomer) have enhanced wettability and autoadhesion properties. 12 Meanwhile, various studies have demonstrated that zwitterionic interfacial molecular structures have excellent antithrombogenicity.…”

Synthesis, surface characterization, and platelet reactivity evaluation for the self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiol with sulfonic acid functionality

“…[20][21][22] Some researchers have attributed this better hemocompatibility to the heparin-like chemical structure, which contains sulfate ionic functionalities along the polymer backbone. 23,24 However, other factors such as microphase separation and chain mobility associated with the sulfonated polyurethane have been suggested to enhance the material's blood compatibility.…”

Ionic polyurethane materials for enhanced platelets adhesion and biocompatibility

“…Again the reaction mixture was raised to 90 o C, maintained for another 30 min. The final polymer solution was casted on a mould [7,20].…”

“…The rapid healing with aid of polyurethane (PU) film enabled with high elasticity and nontoxic property [6]. PUI from poly(oxytetramethylene glycol) [PTMG] as a precursor is reported via prepolymer method [7]. Our attempt to study bioadhesive interaction between polymers as bioadhesive with soft tissues prompted us to cast PUI film reaction from polyethylene glycol (PEG), isocyanates and DHBA salt by adopting standard procedures [8].…”